The Story of the Japanese 00899 [Kenmu Period] The Beginning of the Northern and Southern Courts Period
November 4, 1336 (1st year of Engen/3rd year of Kenmu). Emperor Kōmyō bestowed the title of 'Daijō Tennō' (Retired Emperor) upon the imprisoned Emperor Go-Daigo.
Furthermore, on November 14, Emperor Kōmyō appointed Prince Nariyoshi, the sixth son of Emperor Go-Daigo, as Crown Prince. This is highly unexpected. Despite having won the war against Emperor Go-Daigo, Takauji was not yet abolishing the Daikakuji line and was attempting to continue the alternating succession between the two imperial lines.
This is merely a conjecture, but perhaps this was the condition of the peace treaty exchanged between Takauji and Emperor Go-Daigo. Although Emperor Go-Daigo would be stripped of the imperial throne, his children would still be able to inherit it. If that is the case, I think it was an overly generous condition.
However, Prince Nariyoshi is a prince who once traveled to Kamakura with Ashikaga Tadayoshi, and it would not be strange to say he was raised by the Ashikaga family. Perhaps the Ashikaga family was able to offer such conditions precisely because there was a prince they could tame.
Despite such favorable treatment, Emperor Go-Daigo
'What kind of immorality have I committed to be so abandoned by the gods and Buddhas, and to be profaned by treacherous subjects?'
he complained incessantly. I think he has accumulated a considerable amount of immorality, but is there nothing he should reflect upon himself?
On December 21, Emperor Go-Daigo had Kōtō no Naishi carry the (genuine?) Three Sacred Treasures, and with a small retinue, he disguised himself as a woman and secretly slipped out of Kazan-in. He headed south, and the place he reached was Yoshino (Yoshino Town, Nara Prefecture). In Yoshino, there was a monk's residence called Kissui-in, and its master, Hōin Sōshin, gathered the monks and decided,
'We shall welcome the Emperor here and protect him together.'
Having entered Kissui-in, Emperor Go-Daigo immediately declared,
'The imperial throne is as it was before.'
The basis for this was that 'I possess the genuine Sacred Treasures.' In other words, he denied both the abdication of the Jimyōin line's Emperor Kōmyō and the abdication to his fifth son, Prince Tsuneyoshi. As a result, as mentioned above, a situation arose where there were three self-proclaimed emperors.
With this, the Southern Court was born. Strictly speaking, the period from this point on is called the Northern and Southern Courts period, but many people also conveniently refer to the three years of the Kenmu period from the fall of the Kamakura Shogunate (1333) to the establishment of the Southern Court (1336) as the 'Northern and Southern Courts period'.
