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TOEICのための文法まとめ

■Lesson 1 基本時制(現在・未来・過去形)の概念
現在形 現在・未来・過去形
過去形 過去の一点
未来系 未来の一点
ポイント → 3単元のS形などでいらないものを消していく。

■Lesson 2 現在形の特殊用法
時・条件の副詞節(余分な)の中では、未来のことは現在形であらわす。
If sv,
  ↑ 現在 SV 
      ↑未来
The Magnolia Street Trolley will continue to run unless the snow becomes too deep.

■Lesson 3 進行形の概念 
進行形 be + ing 「している途中だ」
resmemble → × is resmembleing
手帳のメモに書けるのが進行形
They are marrying next week

例文 Mr. Bauer is discussing the plan with his team in the conference room, so he can’t meet you right now.

■Lesson 4 完了形(現在完了・未来完了・過去完了)
have pp 過去の一点から現在に重点を置く
had pp have pp will have pp
already
☆■Lesson 5 仮定法の概念
If s 過去形, S would 原 
仮過去
If s had pp, S would have pp
仮定法過去完了

suggest・propose・recommend・requestなど「命令」系統の動詞があると、that節の中はshould 原形/原形になります。

IF,Without
■ Lesson 5 仮定法の概念
☆■Lesson 6 仮定法の倒置

If s 過去形, S would 原 

If s had pp, S would have pp

■Lesson 8 未来
If s shuold 原型, 省略
応用
Had s pp, should have pp.
Shoud s 原型, ~
未来
If s shuold 原型, 省略
応用
Had s pp, should have pp.
Shoud s 原型, ~

■Lesson 9 不定詞の概念
不定詞をとるV
未来志向(プラスイメージ)
want to eat
intend
offer
heistate
refuse
manage to
afford

High Tec Corporation intends to expand their business in Asia in the next quarter.
All employees are required to come to the company one hour earlier than usual tomorrow in order to attend the annual staff meeting.
Since Ms. Thompson couldn’t find the key to open the storage room, she asked for permission to borrow a spare key.

■Lesson 10 to 不定詞を使った慣用表現①

The room was so quiet that we could hear the sound of the wind. (結果)
The room was so quiet as to allow us to hear the sound of the wind. (結果)

She turned off the lights so that everyone could sleep peacefully.(目的)
She turned off the lights so as to let everyone sleep peacefully.(目的)

■Lesson 11 to 不定詞を使った慣用表現 ②
be likely to 〇〇しそう
be reluctant to 〇〇したがらない

All s have to do is to ~
Sは〇〇さえ
be supposed to 〇〇と思われている。

■Lesson 12 動名詞の概念
反復 
enjoy
practice
be used to
consider
look foward to
中断
stop
finish
逃避 
escape
miss
object to
deny
resist

■Lesson 13 動名詞の慣用表現
Spend 時間 (in) ing
be busy (in) ing
On ing
Upon ing

■Lesson 16 感情動詞の「意味」と「-ingと-edの識別」
suprising 驚かせる
→ おどろかせるような
suprised
→ 驚いた。
interest

セットで覚える

  • The movie was interesting.
    (映画が面白かった)

  • I was interested in the movie.
    (私はその映画に興味を持った)


ポイントは、

  • 物・出来事 → -ing

  • 人の気持ち → -ed

■Lesson 17 分詞構文の解法
ing → 動名詞
  → 動形容詞 → 分詞
 → 動副詞 → 分詞構文
Because sv, sv
ing sv
S がする  ing
Sがされる being pp
found founded
founding
■Lesson 17 様々な受動態

be being pp ○○されている途中だ
have been pp されてしまった
appoint 人 as
The announcement informed hotel guests they would have to use the stairs while the elevator was being fixed.
■Lesson 21 関係詞の概念
形容詞の働き
注 
文中that 直後にVだと関係詞
切って訳す
■Lesson 22 関係代名詞と関係副詞の識別
関係代名詞   関係代名詞 不完全  (主語 目的語が欠けている) 他動詞だと何をがない
関係副詞    関係副詞 完全
関係代名詞・・・"who", "which", "that", "whom", "whose" "that"
関係副詞・・・"where", "when", "why"
自動詞 ふーん
他動詞 何を?
■Lesson 23 いろいろな関係代名詞
前置詞 + 関係代名詞 完全文 
形容詞の塊
■Lesson 24 関係代名詞what
名詞節 WHAT 不完全
接続詞that 完全

■Lesson 25 複合関係詞
関係詞
・関係詞→ 形容詞の働き
・関係代名詞 what→ 名詞の働き
・複合関係詞 →  名詞 の働き
         副詞 の働き
■Lesson 27 as as (同様に)

as ~ as(同様に)

形:

  • as + 形容詞/副詞 + as

例:

  • as fast as

  • as important as

→ 「同じくらい〜」


よく出る熟語

as ~ as possible

→ できるだけ〜

例:

  • as soon as possible


as ~ as 人 can

→ 人ができるだけ〜

例:

  • as much information as she can


キーワード

「まとめてはさむ」

as と as の間に、

  • 形容詞

  • 副詞

  • much / many

などを入れる。


例文

Ms. Atkinson provides as much information as she can about her company’s services.

区切ると:

  • provides

  • as much information as she can
    → できるだけ多くの情報を

  • about her company’s services
    → 会社のサービスについて


ポイント:

  • much は information(不可算)を修飾

  • as much A as S can
    → TOEIC頻出形

■Lesson 28 比較の表現
・・・er than
be superior to
be inferiot to
be senior to
be junior to

■Lesson 29 比較級・最上級をつかった表現
the 最上級
the 比較級 the 比較級
the sooner, the better
th 比較級 of the two
the 最上級 of the three
Jamie Spear has to make hotel reservations by no later than March 22 in order to receive the special group rate.
(by) no later than ~「~までに」という表現で、「期限」を表すときに使われます。
The Cinema Herald is the second most widely distributed magazine about film in the world.

■Lesson 30 可算名詞・不可算名詞
1 切っても OK Water Chalk Bread
2 見えない work news advice information
3 ひとまとめ baggage/luggage/furniture/equipment
■Lesson 31 複合名詞
registration form
construction site
expiration date 賞味期限・有効期限

■Lesson 33 代名詞の格変化

her 名詞
send 人 物 
The magazine sends subscribers a renewal notice several weeks before their
subscription expires.

■Lesson 34 the otherとanother
another → たくさんあるうちの一個   another drink 単数
the other → 二つあるうちのもう一個  the other cup 単数
other →  他の other daughters

■Lesson 36 単数扱い/複数扱い
all/most/many/some/several/a few/no/People・・・複数扱い

every
each
either   → 単数扱い

■Lesson 41 
hard - hardly
late - latly
near - nearly = almost
short - shortly
high - highly おおいに

■Lesson 42 前置詞の概念・意味
on 接触

■Lesson 43 熟語
look forward to ing
What do you say to ing
devote onself to ing
on account of
The company picnic was canceled on account of the approaching typhoon.

■Lesson 43 注意すべき時の表現
at 時刻
on 曜日
in ~ したら
  ~ 後に
within ~以内に

in a few minutes
in a moment
in no time
for  ~ 内に 
During the installation of the new server, the Internet connection will be cut for about 30 minutes.

■Lesson 46 いろいろな縦続接続節
接続詞

等位置
and but or
従属接続詞
Once SV
→ いったん~すると
Providing SV
→ もし~なら
SV in case SV
→ ~の場合に備えて

■Lesson 49 命令系統の動詞とthat節
SV that s 原
be + pp
suggest propose
request insist
order dicide

■Lesson 50 使役動詞
使役V SVOCをとる。
make  原型
have  原型(過去分詞)
let 人 原型
========================
help 人 原型
The experts at Arndell Logistics are very good at helping businesses simplify the way they manage inventory.

A mechanic from Auto’s Repairs called to let Ms. Ahmed know that she can pick up her car.

■Lesson 51 SVOCのパターンをとる動詞 (形容詞をとる)
他のテキストで学ぶ
make The news made me happy 形容詞
find find the book interesting 形容詞
leave leave the window open 形容詞
leave(受動態): The window is left open.
Lauren Fuller was surprised when she realized that the office window had been left open all night.

■Lesson 52 目的語+to不定詞をとる動詞

allow 人 to
人 is allowed to
permit 人 to
expect 人 to
enable 人 to

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