Quantum Entanglement: Physical 'Teleportation' Demonstrated
This is science news from December 27, 2023,
and it says that technology for quantum teleportation has been demonstrated.
The feeling that the science fiction seen in movies and novels in the past is becoming a reality in the not-too-distant future is increasing at an accelerating rate.
December 27, 2023 12:45 PMScience
Researchers demonstrate a method to 'teleport' images without physically transmitting information by utilizing quantum entanglement
Long-distance quantum communication is important for information security and has already been demonstrated over long distances using satellites, but until now, there have been challenges with communication in high-dimensional states exceeding two dimensions. A new international research team from South Africa, Germany, and Spain has demonstrated a technology that increases the dimensions of information that can be sent in quantum communication and 'teleports' images without physically transmitting the information.
Quantum teleportation is a technology that uses the effect of quantum entanglement, where two particles have a strong mutual relationship, to transfer quantum states to a distant location. You can understand quantum teleportation well by reading the following article.
Quantum teleportation is an important resource for future quantum networks, and if quantum teleportation can be realized in high dimensions, an increase in information capacity and improved resilience against noise can be expected. However, progress to date has been limited.
A research team from the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa and the Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO) in Spain conducted an experiment to quantum-transport high-dimensional states using only two photons in a state of quantum entanglement.
In this experiment, a nonlinear optical detector was used to transfer high-dimensional spatial information without using additional photons. Thanks to this, the new detection method allowed for measuring the angular momentum of the photons, increasing the number of dimensions that can be teleported in a quantum state. The results of the experiment demonstrated that high-dimensional information of photons appears to be 'teleporting' from the sender to the receiver. By increasing the dimensions of the information that can be sent, it becomes possible to perform quantum teleportation on more information, such as the alphabet or images.
The figure below shows an example of putting the demonstrated quantum communication protocol into practical use. If a customer wants to send confidential information, such as a fingerprint, to a bank, conventional quantum communication requires the customer to physically send the information, which carries a risk of interception even if protected by security. However, in the newly proposed mechanism using high-dimensional quantum teleportation, the bank sends one photon in a quantum entangled state, which contains no information, to the customer, and the customer superimposes the information to be sent onto a nonlinear optical detector. Then, the information appears on the photon held by the bank as if it had been teleported, allowing images and other data to be transmitted between the two parties without physically sending the information.
Andrew Forbes, a physicist at the University of the Witwatersrand, stated, 'Previously, even in the quantum realm, the communicating parties physically sent information from one to the other. Now, it is possible to teleport information, and the information does not cross via a physical connection. The technology from the sci-fi drama "Star Trek" has become a reality.'
Adam Vallés of ICFO, one of the project leaders, commented, 'We hope that this experiment, which demonstrates the feasibility of this process, will push the boundaries toward full quantum implementation and motivate further progress in the nonlinear optics community.'
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