The True Identity of Tsunodaishi and Mamedaishi: The Story of Amulets for Warding Off Evil and Wishing for Healthy Days

Have you ever seen a talisman with a mysterious silhouette of a horned figure or a charm featuring rows of tiny masters posted at an entrance? The true identity of these 'Tsunodaishi' (Horned Master) and 'Mamedaishi' (Bean Master) is Ryogen, a legendary and renowned monk who lived during the Heian period. This article unravels the 'protective power' imbued in these terrifying yet reliable figures and the wisdom that continues to safeguard our lives even today.

Who was Ryogen (Ganzandaishi)? His multifaceted persona and connection to warding off evil

Ryogen, the model for 'Tsunodaishi' and 'Mamedaishi,' was a prominent high priest of the mid-Heian period who served as the 18th Chief Abbot of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mount Hiei. Because he passed away on the third day of the first month, he is widely known by the nickname 'Ganzandaishi'.

He was no ordinary monk. Possessing a handsome appearance, a brilliant mind, and even the power of prayer that impressed the powerful figures of his time, he was truly a man of 'multiple talents.' He is revered as the 'Restorer of Mount Hiei' for his achievements in reviving the temple's dilapidated halls and training 2,700 disciples.

Why did such a seemingly perfect and renowned monk come to be depicted in the 'grotesque form of a horned figure'?

It is said that this was an expression of his 'ultimate compassion,' as he sought to protect people from the plagues and disasters that plagued them at the time by putting his own body on the line.

The emaciated horned figure and the thirty-three beans. A scene of protection that wards off calamity

At the doorways of old houses and in the silence of Yokawa on Mount Hiei, the powerful protective presence of Ryogen still lingers.

The 'Tsunodaishi' talisman is said to depict the moment Ryogen sat in meditation before a mirror and transformed himself into a 'demon' to drive away the god of pestilence.

The figure reflected in the mirror was terrifying, so emaciated that his ribs were visible, with two horns growing from his head. By posting a picture of this form at the entrance, the god of pestilence would be frightened, thinking, 'There is someone even more terrifying here,' and flee. This is the wish imbued in these charms.

On the other hand, 'Mamedaishi' is a talisman featuring 33 small figures of the Master.

This is said to be inspired by the Kannon Bodhisattva, who transforms into 33 different forms to save people. Though each figure is as small as a bean, they evoke a sense of warmth, watching over our daily lives in great detail.

An old talisman posted in a dimly lit hallway rustles in the wind. Every time I hear that sound, I am reminded of the high priest who has continued to pray for the peace and well-being of the people, just as he has since the Heian era.

Common Questions

Mysterious-looking talismans posted on front doors and pillars. The more you learn about their unique appearance, the more you realize they hide a reliable story.

Why is the figure of 'Tsunodaishi' drawn so thin and long?

This is based on the legend that when Ryogen entered into extreme ascetic practices and deep meditation, he reflected his body in a mirror and transformed into a 'demon figure' so emaciated that his bones were visible. That long, thin silhouette is the form of his tremendous determination to drive away epidemics (calamities) even at the cost of his own body.

How should I distinguish between using 'Mamedaishi' and 'Tsunodaishi'?

Generally, 'Tsunodaishi' is used as a powerful charm against evil and epidemics, placed on the outside or inside of the front door. 'Mamedaishi,' with its 33 small figures, is often posted indoors, such as in living rooms or bedrooms, to watch over minor misfortunes within the home. Since both are manifestations of Ryogen's compassion, please display them carefully in places where you feel you want to be protected.

Are there any rules about where to post them?

For both 'Tsunodaishi' and 'Mamedaishi,' it is generally standard to post them in a high position on the outside or inside of the front door with the front (the side with the picture) facing outward. They act like gatekeepers, stopping calamities that try to enter from the outside. If it is difficult to post them outside, such as in modern apartments, please choose a clean place inside the entrance that is higher than eye level.

Is the rumor that he is the founder of omikuji true?

Yes, in fact, there is a strong theory that the prototype of 'omikuji' was created by Ganzan Daishi (Ryogen). The 'Ganzan Daishi Hyakusen' (100 lots) passed down at Mt. Hiei is considered the root, and it has been valued not just as a fortune-telling tool, but as 'advice on the path to follow' from the Buddha. The wisdom of his teachings lives on behind the omikuji we draw today, which makes us feel happy or sad.

Summary

Since the Heian period, people have fought against invisible anxieties and illnesses. That earnest prayer, borrowing the form of a high priest named Ryogen, reaches our lives in the modern day.

The act of posting a talisman is not just a custom, but a ritual to declare, 'This is my precious place,' and to center yourself. May the sharp horns of Tsunodaishi gently brush away the clouds in your heart, and may the calm group of Mamedaishi hold onto the small happinesses of your daily life.

Tonight, please take a slightly deeper breath, surrender yourself to peace, and get some rest.

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Next, I will write about 'What is the relationship between Zazen and Buddhism?'. Please take a look at that as well if you like.