Forklifts are for 'Cargo Handling Only'! Prohibition of Non-intended Use and Its Exceptions / Article 151-14 [Ordinance on Industrial Safety and Health, Article 151 Series]
📋 In a nutshell?
Forklifts are for cargo handling only. Using them as a substitute for a crane or for lifting people is prohibited in principle.
📖 Original Text of the Article (Article 151-14)
The employer shall not use vehicle-type cargo handling machinery, etc., for purposes other than their primary intended use, such as lifting loads or lifting workers. However, this does not apply when there is no risk of danger to workers.
Source: Ordinance on Industrial Safety and Health, Article 151-14
✅ What does 'other than primary intended use' mean?
Primary intended use of a forklift = Transporting and loading/unloading cargo
Typical examples of prohibited 'non-intended use':
→ Lifting loads (using it as a crane) → Lifting workers (lifting people to high places)
😱 Why is it dangerous?
Unlike cranes or aerial work platforms, forklifts are not designed for 'lifting' or 'transporting people'.
If the balance is lost, it will tip over. If it sways, people will fall. There are no safety features to protect people if the machine malfunctions.
'Just using it for a second' has led to fatal accidents.
💡 There are exceptions
Kihatsu No. 78 (February 10, 1978) provides the following conditions as specific examples of 'when there is no risk of danger'.
When using a pallet or similar to lift workers:
→ Installation of handrails/frames (mandatory)
→ Furthermore, one of the following:
・Secure the pallet, etc., to the forks
・Or, have the worker use a safety line
'Handrail installation' is non-negotiable. Either 'securing' or a 'safety line' is acceptable. (Kihatsu No. 78)
📝 Summary Q&A
Q. Can I use a forklift as a crane? → In principle, no.
Q. Can I have someone ride on it for work at heights? → Permitted if the three conditions of handrails, secure fixing, and safety lines are met.
Next time, I will explain Article 151-15 'Repairs, etc.'.
Safety first again today! See you next time.
📚 References/Sources
Ordinance on Industrial Safety and Health (Ministry of Labour Ordinance No. 32 of 1972), Article 151-14
Kihatsu No. 78 (February 10, 1978)