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First published May 1969

The Evolution of China's North-Eastern Frontier and the Sino-Soviet clash on the Ussuri

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1 Fu Ch'i-hsueh, Chungkuo Waichiao Shih (History of Chinese Diplomacy), Taipei (1966), p. 34.
2 Victor A. Yakhontoff, Russia and the Soviet Union in the Far East, London (1932), p. 12.
3 Ibid. p. 15.
4 Gregory and Shave, The U.S.S.R. Geographi cal Survey, New York (1944), p. 343.
5 Ibid. p. 345.
6 On the Albazin Campaigns and the Treaty of Nerchinsk interested readers may refer to A Documentary Chronicle of Sino-Western Relations (1644-1820) by Lo-Shu Fu, published by the University of Arizona Press, 1966.
7 Yakhontoff, opp. cit. p. 13.
8 B. L. Putnam Weale, Manchu and Muscovite, London (1907), p. 40.
9 Ibid. p. 34.
10 Emil Lengyel, Secret Siberia, London, p. 84.
11 Alexander Hosie, Manchuria: Its People, Resources and Recent History, London (1904), pp. 138-139. The wordings in parenthesis are mentioned in the French text of the Treaty, but not in the Chinese version.
12 See Yakhontoff, opp. cit. pp. 355-356.
13 See Fu Ch'i-hsueh, opp. cit, pp. 79-80.
14 See Yakhontotf, opp. cit. p. 23.
15 Based on the Chinese text of the Treaty as quoted by Fu Ch'i-hsueh, opp. cit. p. 83, and its English rendering by Hosie, opp. cit. p. 140.
16 See Hosie, opp. cit. p. 141.
17 See Fu Ch'i-hsueh, opp, cit. p. 83.
18 Peking Review, No. 11 (1969), p. 14.
19 Chungyang Jihpao (Central Daily News), March 4, 1969.
20 Far Eastern Economic Review, No, 11 (1969) p. 433 .
21 See Jenmin Jiphao (People's Daily), March 4, and Peking Review, March 7, 1969.
22 Owen Lattimore, Manchuria: Cradle of Conflict, New York (1935), pp. 110-111.