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Brunei

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Brunei Darussalam
Negara Brunei Darussalam (Melayu)
Flag of Brunei
Menira
Lambang menua of Brunei
Lambang menua
Rambai jaku: 
  • الدائمون المحسنون بالهدى‎
  • Ad-dāʾimūna al-muḥsinūna bi-l-hudā
  • (Sentiasa membuat kebajikan dengan petunjuk Allah)
  • Always in service with God's guidance
Anthem: 
Location of Brunei (green)

in the ASEAN (dark grey)  –  [Legend]

Indu menua
enggau nengeri ke pemadu besai
Bandar Seri Begawan
4°53.417′N 114°56.533′E / 4.890283°N 114.942217°E / 4.890283; 114.942217
Jaku rasmiJaku Melayu[1]
Jaku bukai
and dialects[3][4][5]
Urup resmi
Raban bansa
(2021)[6]
Pengarap
(2016)[6]
PerintahMonarki absolut Islamik Beserakup
• Sultan enggau Menteri Besai
Hassanal Bolkiah
• Petera Mahkota enggau Menteri Tuai
Al-Muhtadee Billah
Aum KaunsilKunsil Legislatif Brunei[lower-alpha 1]
Penubuh
c. 1368
17 September 1888
• Meredeka ari United Kingdom
1 Januari 1984
Menua
• Pemesai
5,765[10] km2 (2,226 bt2) (164th)
• Ai (%)
8.6
Penyampau tubuh
• 2020 estimate
460,345[11] (175th)
• 2016 census
417,256
• Pemayuh tubuh
72.11/km2 (186.8/sq mi) (134th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $32.000 billion[12] (145th)
• Per capita
Increase $72,609[12] (9th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Decrease $15.153 billion[12] (122nd)
• Per capita
Decrease $34,383[12] (23rd)
HDI (2022)Decrease 0.823[13]
amat tinggi · 55th
Mata duitDolar Brunei (BND)
Zon jamUTC+8 (Jam Standard Brunei)
Tisi deribakiba
Kod talipaun+673[c]
Kod ISO 3166BN
TLD Internet.bn[14]
  1. ^ Also 080 from East Malaysia.

Brunei (nama rasmi: Brunei Darussalam) nya siti menua ba pulau Borneo, Asia Tenggara. Menua tu mina ngembuan garis entara menua enggau Sarawak, Malaysia. Naka taun 2023, menua tu ngembuan penyampau tubuh 455,858 iku, ari penyampau nya, bisi urung 180,000 iku diau ba indu nengeri enggau nengeri pemadu besai ia nya, Bandar Seri Begawan. Jaku resmi iya nya jaku Melayu lalu Islam nyadi pengarap resmi menua tu, taja pan pengarap bukai diterima mega. Perintah Brunei nya sebengkah monarki absolut bekonstitusyen ti diperintah Sultan, lalu iya bejalaika pengawa begempung undang-undang Inggeris biasa enggau adat Islam, nyengkaum ukum syariah.

Asal nama

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Nitihka pansik sejarah lokal, Brunei ditumbuhka Awang Alak Betatar, ti udah nya nyadi Sultan Muhammad Shah, merintah urung 1400 M. Iya mindah ari Garang ba Pelilih Menua Temburong[15] ngagai nanga Sungai Brunei, numbuhka menua Brunei. Nitihka jerita asal, pengudah iya bedarat ba tanah nya, iya manjung "Baru nah!" (ti tau disalin nyadi "baru nya!" tauka "dia!"), ti nyadi nama "Brunei".[16] Iya nyadi pemerintah Islam keterubah ba Brunei.[17] Sebedau pengerembai Empayar Brunei baruh dinasti Bolkiah ti bepengarap Islam, Brunei dipechaya udah dipegai pemerintah ti bepengarap Buddha.[18] Menua tu dinama baru enggau nama Barunai ba kurun ke-14, dipelaba udah dipengaruh leka jaku Sanskrit varuṇ (वरुण), ti mai reti "pelayar".[19] Leka jaku "Borneo" datai ari nama leka jaku ke sama.

Dalam nama penuh menua nya, Negara Brunei Darussalam, leka jaku darussalam (Arab: دار السلام) mai reti "endur pemaik", lalu negara mai reti "menua" dalam jaku Melayu. Nama ti dikedut dalam jaku Melayu, "Brunei Darussalam", mega suah dikena dalam konteks rasmi, lalu bisi dalam pengkalan data Raban Pakar Nama Geografi Gerempung Bansa Beserakup,[20] pia mega dalam rintai rasmi ASEAN[21] enggau Komanwel.[22]

Sebut pasal Brunei pemadu tumu dalam rikut Barat iya nya ari pematau Bologna Ludovico di Varthema ba taun 1550:

Kami udah datai ba menua Bornei (Brunei tauka Borneo), ti jauh ari Maluch urung dua ratus batu [tiga ratus kilometer], lalu kami nemu iya bisi besai mimit ari ti menua disebut tadi lalu jauh baruh agi. Rayat nya orang pagan lalu orang ke manah ati. Chura sida iya burak agi ari sida ke bukai sort ... ba pulau tu pengelurus dipejalaika enggau manah ...[23]

Nota

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  1. ↑ Bisi Kunsil Legislatif, ti nadai kuasa legislatif.[7] As its role is only consultative it is not considered to be a legislature.[8][9]

Kereban sanding

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  1. ↑ Deterding, David; Athirah, Ishamina (22 July 2016). "Brunei Malay". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 47. Cambridge University Press: 99–108. doi:10.1017/S0025100316000189. S2CID 201819132. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  2. ↑ Writing contest promotes usage, history of Jawi script Archived 12 Jun 2012 at the Wayback Machine. The Brunei Times (22 October 2010)
  3. ↑ "Brunei". Ethnologue. 19 February 1999. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  4. ↑ McLellan, J., Noor Azam Haji-Othman, & Deterding, D. (2016). The Language Situation in Brunei Darussalam. In Noor Azam Haji-Othman., J. McLellan & D. Deterding (Eds.), The use and status of language in Brunei Darussalam: A kingdom of unexpected linguistic diversity (pp. 9–16). Singapore: Springer.
  5. ↑ "Call to add ethnic languages as optional subject in schools". Archived from the original on 19 November 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Population by Religion, Sex and Census Year". Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  7. ↑ "Brunei Darussalam" (PDF). United Nations (Human Rights Council): 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  8. ↑ "Brunei: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report". Freedom House (in Inggeris). Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  9. ↑ "Brunei". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  10. ↑ "Brunei-Muara District" (PDF). Information.gov.bn (2nd ed.). Information Department, Prime Minister's Office, Brunei Darussalam. 2010. p. 8. ISBN 99917-49-24-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
  11. ↑ "Population". Department of Economic Planning and Development (in Inggeris AS). Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 2017-12-12.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Brunei)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  13. ↑ "Human Development Report 2023/2024" (PDF) (in Inggeris). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  14. ↑ "Delegation Record for .BN". IANA. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  15. ↑ History for Brunei Darussalam 2009, p. 26.
  16. ↑ de Vienne 2016, p. 27.
  17. ↑ "Treasuring Brunei's past". Southeast Asian Archaeology. 8 March 2007. Archived from the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
  18. ↑ Robert Nicholl (1980). Notes on Some Controversial Issues in Brunei History. pp. 32–37.
  19. ↑ James B. Minahan (2012). Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-59884-660-7.
  20. ↑ "Geographical Names Database". United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 2021-09-24.
  21. ↑ "Brunei Darussalam". asean.org. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 2021-09-24.
  22. ↑ "Brunei Darussalam". The Commonwealth. 15 August 2013. Archived from the original on 8 September 2021. Retrieved 2021-09-24.
  23. ↑ Bilcher Bala (2005). Thalassocracy: a history of the medieval Sultanate of Brunei Darussalam. School of Social Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. ISBN 978-983-2643-74-6.
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