Gurbatar yanayi
 Gurɓacewa | |
|---|---|
| Tasirin ɗan adam a kan muhalli | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli, unintended consequences (en)  da Kasuwanci na waje |
| Has cause (en) | Mai gurɓata |
| Yana haddasa | canjin yanayi, karewar kwayoyin halitta, acid rain (en) da cutar huhu |
| Karatun ta | pollution and contamination (en) |
| Contributing factor of (en) | Rashin lalacewar muhalli da Rashin bambancin halittu |
| Described at URL (en) | servicios.infoleg.gob.ar… |
| Has contributing factor (en) | human overpopulation (en) |
| Has characteristic (en) | pollution type (en) |
| Relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator (en) | Target 3.9 of the Sustainable Development Goals (en) |
| Handled, mitigated, or managed by (en) | Rigakafin gurɓata a Amurka da pollution control (en) |
Gurɓatawa ita ce shigar da gurɓatattun abubuwa cikin muhallin halitta wanda ke haifar da lahani. [1] Gurɓata muhalli na iya ɗaukar siffar kowace abu (mai ƙarfi, ruwa, ko iskar gas) ko makamashi (kamar rediyo, zafi, sauti, ko haske). Gurɓatattun abubuwa, waɗanda suka ƙunshi gurɓataccen abu, na iya zama ko dai abubuwa/makamashi na ƙasashen waje ko kuma gurɓatattun abubuwa da ke faruwa ta halitta.
Duk da cewa gurɓatar muhalli na iya faruwa ne sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru na halitta, kalmar gurɓatar muhalli, gabaɗaya tana nufin cewa gurɓatar muhalli tana da tushen ɗan adam, kamar masana'antu, masana'antun haƙo ma'adinai, rashin kyawun sarrafa sharar gida, sufuri ko noma. Gurɓata muhalli sau da yawa ana sanya shi a matsayin tushen gurɓatawa (wanda ke fitowa daga wani wuri na musamman mai yawan jama'a, kamar masana'anta, ma'adinai, wurin gini ), ko gurɓatar muhalli mara tushe (wanda ke fitowa daga wurare masu yaɗuwa, kamar ƙananan filastik ko kwararar ruwa na noma ).
Tushen gurɓataccen iska da yawa sun kasance sassan masana'antu marasa tsari a ƙarni na 19 da 20 har zuwa lokacin da aka fara aiwatar da ƙa'idojin muhalli da manufofin gurɓataccen iska a ƙarshen rabin ƙarni na 20. Wuraren da masana'antun da suka daɗe suna gurbata muhalli ke fitar da gurɓatattun abubuwa na iya samun gurɓataccen yanayi bayan an dakatar da tushen gurɓataccen muhalli. Manyan nau'ikan gurɓatawa sun haɗa da gurɓatar iska, gurɓatar ruwa, datti, gurɓatar hayaniya, gurɓatar filastik, gurɓatar ƙasa, gurɓatar rediyoaktif, gurɓatar zafi, gurɓatar haske, da gurɓatar gani .
Gurɓatar muhalli na da mummunan tasiri ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli, yana da tasiri mai kyau ga tsarin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. A shekarar 2019, gurɓataccen iska ya kashe kimanin mutane miliyan tara a duk duniya (kimanin mutum ɗaya cikin shida a wannan shekarar); kusan kashi uku cikin huɗu na waɗannan mace-macen sun faru ne sakamakon gurɓataccen iska . [2] Wani bita na wallafe-wallafen 2022 ya gano cewa matakan gurɓataccen sinadarai na ɗan adam sun wuce iyakokin duniya kuma yanzu suna barazana ga dukkan yanayin halittu a duniya. [3] Gurɓatattun abubuwa galibi suna da tasiri mai yawa ga al'ummomin da ke cikin mawuyacin hali, kamar yara da tsofaffi, da kuma al'ummomin da aka ware, saboda masana'antu masu gurɓatawa da wuraren sharar guba galibi suna haɗuwa da al'ummomin da ba su da ƙarfin tattalin arziki da siyasa. [4] [5] Wannan babban tasirin shine babban dalilin kafa ƙungiyar adalci ta muhalli, kuma har yanzu yana ci gaba da zama babban abin da ke haifar da rikice-rikicen muhalli, musamman a Kudancin Duniya .
Saboda tasirin waɗannan sinadarai, manufofin gida, ƙasa, da na ƙasashen duniya sun ƙara neman daidaita gurɓatattun abubuwa, wanda ya haifar da ƙaruwar ƙa'idodin ingancin iska da ruwa, tare da daidaita takamaiman magudanar shara. Galibi hukumomin muhalli ko ma'aikatu ne ke kula da manufofin yanki da na ƙasa, yayin da shirin muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauran hukumomin yarjejeniya ke tsara ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa. Rage gurɓataccen iska muhimmin bangare ne na dukkan Manufofin Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa . [1]s.[6]
- ↑ "Pollution – Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary". Merriam-Webster. 13 August 2010. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
- ↑ Fuller, Richard; Landrigan, Philip J; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Bathan, Glynda; Bose-O'Reilly, Stephan; Brauer, Michael; Caravanos, Jack; Chiles, Tom; Cohen, Aaron; Corra, Lilian; Cropper, Maureen; Ferraro, Greg; Hanna, Jill; Hanrahan, David; Hu, Howard (June 2022). "Pollution and health: a progress update". The Lancet Planetary Health. 6 (6): e535–e547. Bibcode:2022LanPH...6.e535F. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00090-0. PMC 11995256 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 35594895 Check|pmid=value (help). S2CID 248905224 Check|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ Persson, Linn; et al. (2022). "Outside the Safe Operating Space of the Planetary Boundary for Novel Entities". Environmental Science & Technology. 56 (3): 1510–1521. Bibcode:2022EnST...56.1510P. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c04158. PMC 8811958 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 35038861 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Rastanina N.K., Golubev D.A., Perfiliev A.V., Rastanin P., Popadyev I.A. (2025). "Assessment of the elemental status of the young population in Solnechny, Khabarovsk krai, as part of mining environmental monitoring". Mining Science and Technology (Russia). 10 (2): 161–168. doi:10.17073/2500-0632-2024-11-338.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ "Targeting minority, low-income neighborhoods for hazardous waste sites". University of Michigan News (in Turanci). 19 January 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ↑ Environment, U. N. (21 February 2020). "A Global response to Pollution". Beat Pollution (in Turanci). Retrieved 11 March 2023.