垓

See also: 陔

垓 U+5793, 垓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5793 ← 垒 [U+5792] CJK Unified Ideographs 垔 → [U+5794]

Translingual

Han character

垓 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, Cangjie input 土卜女人 (GYVO), four-corner 4018₂, composition ⿰土亥)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 227, character 40
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5040
• Dae Jaweon: page 463, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 441, character 13
• Unihan data for U+5793

Chinese

simp. and trad.		垓

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
該	*kɯː
垓	*kɯː
賅	*kɯː
陔	*kɯː
豥	*kɯː, *ɡɯː
荄	*kɯː, *krɯː
郂	*kɯː
姟	*kɯː
絯	*kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ
晐	*kɯː
峐	*kɯː
侅	*kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ
胲	*kɯː
頦	*kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː
奒	*kʰɯː
輆	*kʰɯːʔ
欬	*kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds
硋	*ŋɡɯːɡs
閡	*ŋɡɯːɡs
咳	*qʰɯː, *ɡɯː
孩	*ɡɯː
亥	*ɡɯːʔ
劾	*ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ
痎	*krɯː
烗	*kʰrɯːɡs
骸	*ɡrɯː
駭	*ɡrɯːʔ
刻	*kʰɯːɡ
餩	*qɯːɡ
核	*ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gāi (gai¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄞ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): goi¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kai

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gāi
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄞ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gai
    • Wade–Giles: kai¹
    • Yale: gāi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gai
    • Palladius: гай (gaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: goi¹
    • Yale: gōi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: goi¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: goi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːi̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kai
    • Tâi-lô: kai
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kay
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kai⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kai³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: koj

Rime
Character	垓
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古哀切
Baxter	koj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/kəi/
Shao Rongfen	/kɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəj/
Li Rong	/kᴀi/
Wang Li	/kɒi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	goi1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	垓
Reading #	1/1
No.	4804
Phonetic component	亥
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	該
Old Chinese	/*kɯː/

Definitions

垓

1. border; boundary
2. (mathematics) 10²⁰

Compounds

• 九垓
• 八垓
• 半垓
• 垓下 (Gāixià)
• 垓下歌
• 垓前
• 垓埏
• 垓心 (gāixīn)
• 垓極 / 垓极
• 大會垓 / 大会垓
• 鬧垓垓 / 闹垓垓

See also

Chinese numerals
104	108	1012	1016	1020	1024	1028	1032	1036	1040	1044	1048
萬／万 (wàn)	億／亿 (yì)	兆 (zhào) (Taiwan)	京 (jīng) (Taiwan)	垓 (gāi)	秭 (zǐ)	穰 (ráng)	溝／沟 (gōu)	澗／涧 (jiàn)	正 (zhèng)	載／载 (zài)	極／极 (jí)
		萬億／万亿 (wànyì) (Mainland China)	億億/亿亿 (Mainland China)

Japanese

Kanji

垓

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. border
2. boundary
3. staircase
4. hundred quintillion

Readings

• Go-on: かい (kai)
• Kan-on: かい (kai)
• Kan’yō-on: がい (gai)
• Kun: さかい (sakai, 垓)、はて (hate, 垓)

Compounds

• 垓(がい)下(か) (gaika)

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
垓
がい Hyōgai
kan'yōon

• IPA^(key): [ɡa̠i]

Numeral

垓(がい) • (gai) 

1. [since the 17th century] 10²⁰, (short scale) one hundred quintillion, (long scale) one hundred trillion

See also

Japanese numerals
104	108	1012	1016	1020	1024	1028	1032	1036	1040	1044	1048
万 (まん, ​man)	億 (おく, ​oku)	兆 (ちょう, ​chō)	京 (けい, ​kei)	垓 (がい, ​gai)	秭 (し, ​shi)	穣 (じょう, ​jō)	溝 (こう, ​kō)	澗 (かん, ​kan)	正 (せい, ​sei)	載 (さい, ​sai)	極 (ごく, ​goku)

Korean

Hanja

垓 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae)

1. border, boundary, frontier

Tày

Noun

垓 (cai)

1. Nôm form of cai (“veranda”).

   納𱑼郎晋𱐍江垓

   Nổp bôm làng tấn giú chang cai

   The offering trays already given and you're still at the veranda

References

• Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[2] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]

Vietnamese

Han character

垓: Hán Nôm readings: cai, gay, gây

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