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ἀνήρ

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See also: ἁνήρ

Ancient Greek

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Ἀνὴρ Σωκράτης καλούμενος (Anḕr Sōkrátēs kaloúmenos) by Domenico Anderson (1854-1938).

Etymology

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    From Proto-Hellenic *anḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr.[1] Cognates include Mycenaean Greek *𐀀𐀚 (anēr), Sanskrit नृ (nṛ́), नर॑ (nára), Latin neriosus and Old Irish nert.

    Pronunciation

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    (Attic, Epic, Ionic, etc.):

     

    (Epic variant):

     

    Noun

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    ᾱ̆̓νήρ • (ā̆nḗr) m (genitive ᾰ̓νδρός or ᾱ̓νέρος); third declension

    1. man (adult male)
      Antonym: γῠνή (gŭnḗ)
    2. husband
    3. human being; a mortal (as opposed to a god)
      • c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.28:
        τὴν δ’ ἠμείβετ’ ἔπειτα πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε
        tḕn d’ ēmeíbet’ épeita patḕr andrôn te theôn te
        Then the father of men and gods [= Zeus] answered her
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 6.10:
        ἀκίνδυνοι δ’ ἀρεταὶ
        οὔτε παρ’ ἀνδράσιν οὔτ’ ἐν ναυσὶ κοίλαις
        τίμιαι: πολλοὶ δὲ μέμνανται, καλὸν εἴ τι ποναθῇ.
        akíndunoi d’ aretaì
        oúte par’ andrásin oút’ en nausì koílais
        tímiai: polloì dè mémnantai, kalòn eí ti ponathēî.
        But excellence without danger is honored neither among men nor in hollow ships. But many people remember, if a fine thing is done with toil.

    Usage notes

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    • Sometimes forms crasis with the definite article or the vocative particle.

    Declension

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    Third declension of ὁ ᾰ̓νήρ; τοῦ ᾰ̓νδρός (Attic)
    Case / # Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative ὁ ᾰ̓νήρ
    ho ănḗr     		τὼ ᾰ̓́νδρε
    tṑ ắndre     		οἱ ᾰ̓́νδρες
    hoi ắndres
    Genitive τοῦ ᾰ̓νδρός
    toû ăndrós     		τοῖν ᾰ̓νδροῖν
    toîn ăndroîn     		τῶν ᾰ̓νδρῶν
    tôn ăndrôn
    Dative τῷ ᾰ̓νδρῐ́
    tōî ăndrĭ́     		τοῖν ᾰ̓νδροῖν
    toîn ăndroîn     		τοῖς ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐ / ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐν
    toîs ăndrắsĭ(n)
    Accusative τὸν ᾰ̓́νδρᾰ
    tòn ắndră     		τὼ ᾰ̓́νδρε
    tṑ ắndre     		τοὺς ᾰ̓́νδρᾰς
    toùs ắndrăs
    Vocative ᾰ̓́νερ
    ắner     		ᾰ̓́νδρε
    ắndre     		ᾰ̓́νδρες
    ắndres
    Notes:
    Third declension of ᾱ̔νήρ; τᾱ̓νδρός (crasis, Attic)
    Case / # Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative ᾱ̔νήρ
    hānḗr     		τἆνδρε
    tândre     		ᾱ̔́νδρες / ἇνδρες
    hā́ndres / hândres
    Genitive τᾱ̓νδρός
    tāndrós     		— —
    Dative τᾱ̓νδρῐ́
    tāndrĭ́     		— —
    Accusative — τἆνδρε
    tândre     		—
    Vocative ὦνερ
    ôner     		τἆνδρε
    tândre     		ὦνδρες
    ôndres
    Notes:
    Third declension of ᾱ̆̓νήρ; ᾰ̓νδρός / ᾱ̓νέρος (Epic)
    Case / # Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative ᾱ̆̓νήρ
    ā̆nḗr     		ᾰ̓́νδρε / ᾱ̓νέρε
    ắndre / ānére     		ᾰ̓́νδρες / ᾱ̓νέρες
    ắndres / ānéres
    Genitive ᾰ̓νδρός / ᾱ̓νέρος
    ăndrós / ānéros     		ᾰ̓νδροῖῐ̈ν / ᾰ̓νέροιῐ̈ν
    ăndroîĭ̈n / ănéroiĭ̈n     		ᾰ̓νδρῶν / ᾰ̓νέρων
    ăndrôn / ănérōn
    Dative ᾰ̓νδρῐ́ / ᾱ̓νέρῐ
    ăndrĭ́ / ānérĭ     		ᾰ̓νδροῖῐ̈ν / ᾰ̓νέροιῐ̈ν
    ăndroîĭ̈n / ănéroiĭ̈n     		ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐ / ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐν / ᾰ̓́νδρεσῐ / ᾰ̓́νδρεσῐν / ᾰ̓́νδρεσσῐ / ᾰ̓́νδρεσσῐν / ᾰ̓νέρεσσῐ / ᾰ̓νέρεσσῐν
    ăndrắsĭ(n) / ắndresĭ(n) / ắndressĭ(n) / ănéressĭ(n)
    Accusative ᾰ̓́νδρᾰ / ᾱ̓νέρᾰ
    ắndră / ānéră     		ᾰ̓́νδρε / ᾱ̓νέρε
    ắndre / ānére     		ᾰ̓́νδρᾰς / ᾱ̓νέρᾰς
    ắndrăs / ānérăs
    Vocative ᾰ̓́νερ / ἆνερ
    ắner / âner     		ᾰ̓́νδρε / ᾱ̓νέρε
    ắndre / ānére     		ᾰ̓́νδρες / ᾱ̓νέρες
    ắndres / ānéres
    Notes:
    • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.
    Third declension of ὡνήρ; τὠνδρός (crasis, Ionic)
    Case / # Singular Dual Plural
    Nominative ὡνήρ
    hōnḗr     		τὦνδρε
    tôndre     		ὥνδρες / ὧνδρες
    hṓndres / hôndres
    Genitive τὠνδρός
    tōndrós     		— —
    Dative τὠνδρῐ́
    tōndrĭ́     		— —
    Accusative — τὦνδρε
    tôndre     		—
    Vocative ὦνερ
    ôner     		τὦνδρε
    tôndre     		ὦνδρες
    ôndres
    Notes:
    • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Greek: άνδρας (ándras)
    • Mariupol Greek: а́ндра (ándra)

    See also

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    References

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    1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀνήρ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 103

    Further reading

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