Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the tremendous changes in political, social, economic and diplomatic conditions inevitably determined the environment in which the Chinese Church had to try to survive. The Western missionary movement and the Christian enterprise that stemmed from it were faced unprecedented challenges. The Christian Three-Self Reform Movement that was launched in the 1950s significantly reshaped the development of Christianity in China, giving it a patriotic and anti-imperialistic outlook. This paper examines the origins and the effects of the famous ”Christian Manifesto” (Direction of Endeavor for Chinese Christianity in the Construction of New China) of 1950, to see how the reform of Chinese Protestantism was shaped and constrained by the interactions of the Chinese Communist Party, Y. T. Wu arid the National Christian Council of China.