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Shellfish Feeders, Carrion Eaters, and the Archaeology of Aquatic Adaptations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jon M. Erlandson  and
Madonna L. Moss
Jon M. Erlandson
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1218
Madonna L. Moss
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1218
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Abstract

Numerous taphonomic studies show that archaeologists should carefully evaluate the origins of faunal remains found in archaeological sites. Although extensive research has been done on natural sources of terrestrial faunal remains in archaeological sites, much less has been devoted to potential sources of aquatic fauna. Hundreds of animal species feed on shellfish, fish, and other aquatic fauna, and many transport food to terrestrial landforms where they may be mixed or confused with faunal remains left by humans. In this paper, we illustrate the problem by summarizing the habits of a number of animals known to feed on and transport shellfish and other aquatic animals. We also discuss examples where the remains of aquatic animals of non-human origin may have been confused with archaeological materials. Such biological imprints may be most pronounced on early sites, where questions about the antiquity of aquatic adaptations are paramount.

Résumé

Résumé

Numerosos estudios tafonómicos muestran que los arqueólogos deben evaluar cuidadosamente los orígenes de los restes de la fauna que son encontrados en los sitios arqueológicos. Aunque investigaciones extensivas han sido realizadas en estos sitios sobre los origenes naturales de restos de la fauna terrestre, mucho menos ha sido dedicada a las fuentes potenciales de fauna acuática. Cientos de especies animales se nutren de mariscos, pescados y otra fauna acuática. Muchas especias transportan sus alimentos al terreno en donde pueden estar mezclados о confundidos con los restos de fauna dejadas por las poblaciones humanas. En este ensayo, ilustramos este problema sumando los habitas de un numéro de especies animales quienes trasladen mariscos u otras especias acuáticas. También mostramos ejemplos cuando los restos de fauna acuática de origen no humano tal vez han sido confundidos con materiales arqueológicos. Es posible que este sello biológico es mus pronunciado en los sitios más antiguos, en donde las cuestiones sobre la antigiiedad de las adaptaciones acuáticas son de suma importancia.

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Articles
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American Antiquity , Volume 66 , Issue 3 , July 2001 , pp. 413 - 432
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2001

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