Dipth-First Search(easy)两道题

easy

101. Symmetric Tree

Given a binary tree, check whether it is a mirror of itself (ie,
symmetric around its center).

Note: Bonus points if you could solve it both recursively and
iteratively.

Recursive and non-recursive solutions in Java:
Recursive–400ms:

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public boolean isSymmetric(TreeNode root) {
        return root==null || isSymmetricHelp(root.left, root.right);
    }

    private boolean isSymmetricHelp(TreeNode left, TreeNode right){
        if(left==null || right==null)
            return left==right;
        if(left.val!=right.val)
            return false;
        return isSymmetricHelp(left.left, right.right) && isSymmetricHelp(left.right, right.left);
    }
}

Non-recursive(use Stack)–460ms:

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public boolean isSymmetric(TreeNode root) {
        if(root==null)  return true;

        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<TreeNode>();
        TreeNode left, right;
        if(root.left!=null){
            if(root.right==null) return false;
            stack.push(root.left);
            stack.push(root.right);
        }
        else if(root.right!=null){
            return false;
        }

        while(!stack.empty()){
            if(stack.size()%2!=0)   return false;
            right = stack.pop();
            left = stack.pop();
            if(right.val!=left.val) return false;

            if(left.left!=null){
                if(right.right==null)   return false;
                stack.push(left.left);
                stack.push(right.right);
            }
            else if(right.right!=null){
                return false;
            }

            if(left.right!=null){
                if(right.left==null)   return false;
                stack.push(left.right);
                stack.push(right.left);
            }
            else if(right.left!=null){
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }
}

1ms recursive Java Solution, easy to understand:

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
     public boolean isSymmetric(TreeNode root) {
        if(root==null) return true;
        return isMirror(root.left,root.right);
    }
    public boolean isMirror(TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
        if(p==null && q==null) return true;
        if(p==null || q==null) return false;
        return (p.val==q.val) && isMirror(p.left,q.right) && isMirror(p.right,q.left);
    }
}

104. Maximum Depth of Binary Tree

Given a binary tree, find its maximum depth.

The maximum depth is the number of nodes along the longest path from the root node down to the farthest leaf node.

Note: A leaf is a node with no children.

Simple solution using Java:

if the node does not exist, simply return 0. Otherwise, return the
1+the longer distance of its subtree.

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public int maxDepth(TreeNode root) {
            if(root==null){
                return 0;
            }
            return 1+Math.max(maxDepth(root.left),maxDepth(root.right));
    }
}

medium

98. Validate Binary Search Tree

Given a binary tree, determine if it is a valid binary search tree (BST).
Assume a BST is defined as follows:

1. The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys less than the node’s key.
2. The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys greater than the node’s key.
3. Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.
   

Learn one iterative inorder traversal, apply it to multiple tree questions (Java Solution):
https://leetcode.com/problems/validate-binary-search-tree/discuss/32112/Learn-one-iterative-inorder-traversal-apply-it-to-multiple-tree-questions-(Java-Solution)
simple Java solution in 3 lines:

public class Solution {
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        return isValidBST(root, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE);
    }
    
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root, long minVal, long maxVal) {
        if (root == null) return true;
        if (root.val >= maxVal || root.val <= minVal) return false;
        return isValidBST(root.left, minVal, root.val) && isValidBST(root.right, root.val, maxVal);
    }
}

Basically what I am doing is recursively iterating over the tree while defining interval <minVal, maxVal> for each node which value must fit in.

105. Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal

Given preorder and inorder traversal of a tree, construct the binary tree.
Note:
You may assume that duplicates do not exist in the tree.

My Accepted Java Solution：

The basic idea is here:
Say we have 2 arrays, PRE and IN.
Preorder traversing implies that PRE[0] is the root node.
Then we can find this PRE[0] in IN, say it’s IN[5].
Now we know that IN[5] is root, so we know that IN[0] - IN[4] is on the left side, IN[6] to the end is on the right side.
Recursively doing this on subarrays, we can build a tree out of it ?

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public TreeNode buildTree(int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {
        return helper(0, 0, inorder.length - 1, preorder, inorder);
    }

    public TreeNode helper(int preStart, int inStart, int inEnd, int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {
        if (preStart > preorder.length - 1 || inStart > inEnd) {
            return null;
        }
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(preorder[preStart]);
        int inIndex = 0; // Index of current root in inorder
        for (int i = inStart; i <= inEnd; i++) {
            if (inorder[i] == root.val) {
                inIndex = i;
            }
        }
        root.left = helper(preStart + 1, inStart, inIndex - 1, preorder, inorder);
        root.right = helper(preStart + inIndex - inStart + 1, inIndex + 1, inEnd, preorder, inorder);
        return root;
    }
}

114. Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List

Given a binary tree, flatten it to a linked list in-place.

short post order traversal Java solution for share:

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    private TreeNode prev = null;

    public void flatten(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null)
            return;
        flatten(root.right);
        flatten(root.left);
        root.right = prev;
        root.left = null;
        prev = root;
    }
}

200. Number of Islands

Given a 2d grid map of '1’s (land) and '0’s (water), count the number of islands. An island is surrounded by water and is formed by connecting adjacent lands horizontally or vertically. You may assume all four edges of the grid are all surrounded by water.

Very concise Java AC solution:

public class Solution {

    private int n;
    private int m;

    public int numIslands(char[][] grid) {
        int count = 0;
        n = grid.length;
        if (n == 0) return 0;
        m = grid[0].length;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
            for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
                if (grid[i][j] == '1') {
                    DFSMarking(grid, i, j);
                    ++count;
                }
        }    
        return count;
    }

    private void DFSMarking(char[][] grid, int i, int j) {
        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= n || j >= m || grid[i][j] != '1') return;
        grid[i][j] = '0';
        DFSMarking(grid, i + 1, j);
        DFSMarking(grid, i - 1, j);
        DFSMarking(grid, i, j + 1);
        DFSMarking(grid, i, j - 1);
    }
}

207. Course Schedule

There are a total of n courses you have to take, labeled from 0 to n-1.
Some courses may have prerequisites, for example to take course 0 you have to first take course 1, which is expressed as a pair: [0,1]
Given the total number of courses and a list of prerequisite pairs, is it possible for you to finish all courses?

Note:

1. The input prerequisites is a graph represented by a list of edges, not adjacency matrices. Read more about how a graph is represented.
2. You may assume that there are no duplicate edges in the input prerequisites.

Easy BFS Topological sort, Java:

class Solution {
    public boolean canFinish(int numCourses, int[][] prerequisites) {
        int[][] matrix = new int[numCourses][numCourses]; // i -> j
        int[] indegree = new int[numCourses];

        for (int i=0; i<prerequisites.length; i++) {
            int ready = prerequisites[i][0];
            int pre = prerequisites[i][1];
            if (matrix[pre][ready] == 0)
                indegree[ready]++; //duplicate case
            matrix[pre][ready] = 1;
        }

        int count = 0;
        Queue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList();
        for (int i=0; i<indegree.length; i++) {
            if (indegree[i] == 0) queue.offer(i);
        }
        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            int course = queue.poll();
            count++;
            for (int i=0; i<numCourses; i++) {
                if (matrix[course][i] != 0) {
                    if (--indegree[i] == 0)
                        queue.offer(i);
                }
            }
        }
        return count == numCourses;
    }
}

337. House Robber III

The thief has found himself a new place for his thievery again. There is only one entrance to this area, called the “root.” Besides the root, each house has one and only one parent house. After a tour, the smart thief realized that “all houses in this place forms a binary tree”. It will automatically contact the police if two directly-linked houses were broken into on the same night.
Determine the maximum amount of money the thief can rob tonight without alerting the police.

https://leetcode.com/problems/house-robber-iii/discuss/79330/Step-by-step-tackling-of-the-problem

394. Decode String

Given an encoded string, return it’s decoded string.
The encoding rule is: k[encoded_string], where the encoded_string inside the square brackets is being repeated exactly k times. Note that k is guaranteed to be a positive integer.
You may assume that the input string is always valid; No extra white spaces, square brackets are well-formed, etc.
Furthermore, you may assume that the original data does not contain any digits and that digits are only for those repeat numbers, k. For example, there won’t be input like 3a or 2[4].

Simple Java Solution using Stack:

public class Solution {
    public String decodeString(String s) {
        String res = "";
        Stack<Integer> countStack = new Stack<>();
        Stack<String> resStack = new Stack<>();
        int idx = 0;
        while (idx < s.length()) {
            if (Character.isDigit(s.charAt(idx))) {
                int count = 0;
                while (Character.isDigit(s.charAt(idx))) {
                    count = 10 * count + (s.charAt(idx) - '0');
                    idx++;
                }
                countStack.push(count);
            }
            else if (s.charAt(idx) == '[') {
                resStack.push(res);
                res = "";
                idx++;
            }
            else if (s.charAt(idx) == ']') {
                StringBuilder temp = new StringBuilder (resStack.pop());
                int repeatTimes = countStack.pop();
                for (int i = 0; i < repeatTimes; i++) {
                    temp.append(res);
                }
                res = temp.toString();
                idx++;
            }
            else {
                res += s.charAt(idx++);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
}

494. Target Sum

You are given a list of non-negative integers, a1, a2, …, an, and a target, S. Now you have 2 symbols + and -. For each integer, you should choose one from + and - as its new symbol.
Find out how many ways to assign symbols to make sum of integers equal to target S.

Note:

1. The length of the given array is positive and will not exceed 20.
2. The sum of elements in the given array will not exceed 1000.
3. Your output answer is guaranteed to be fitted in a 32-bit integer.

Java (15 ms) O(ns) iterative DP solution using subset sum with explanation:

https://leetcode.com/problems/target-sum/discuss/97334/Java-(15-ms)-C%2B%2B-(3-ms)-O(ns)-iterative-DP-solution-using-subset-sum-with-explanation