移植ＩＡＲ到　AVR GCC

Introduction

C language was designed to be a portable language. There two main types of porting activities: porting an application to a different platform (OS and/or processor), and porting to a different compiler. Porting to a different compiler can be exacerbated when the application is an embedded system. For example, the C language Standard, strangely, does not specify a standard for declaring and defining Interrupt Service Routines (ISRs). Different compilers have different ways of defining registers, some of which use non-standard language constructs.

This chapter describes some methods and pointers on porting an AVR application built with the IAR compiler to the GNU toolchain (AVR GCC). Note that this may not be an exhaustive list.

Registers

IO header files contain identifiers for all the register names and bit names for a particular processor. IAR has individual header files for each processor and they must be included when registers are being used in the code. For example:

 #include <iom169.h> 

Note:

IAR does not always use the same register names or bit names that are used in the AVR datasheet.

AVR GCC also has individual IO header files for each processor. However, the actual processor type is specified as a command line flag to the compiler. (Using the -mmcu=processor flag.) This is usually done in the Makefile. This allows you to specify only a single header file for any processor type:

 #include <avr/io.h> 

Note:

The forward slash in the < avr/io.h> file name that is used to separate subdirectories can be used on Windows