/*
* Simple, straightforward mutexes with strict semantics:
*
* - only one task can hold the mutex at a time
* - only the owner can unlock the mutex
* - multiple unlocks are not permitted
* - recursive locking is not permitted
* - a mutex object must be initialized via the API
* - a mutex object must not be initialized via memset or copying
* - task may not exit with mutex held
* - memory areas where held locks reside must not be freed
* - held mutexes must not be reinitialized
* - mutexes may not be used in hardware or software interrupt
* contexts such as tasklets and timers
*
* These semantics are fully enforced when DEBUG_MUTEXES is
* enabled. Furthermore, besides enforcing the above rules, the mutex
* debugging code also implements a number of additional features
* that make lock debugging easier and faster:
*
* - uses symbolic names of mutexes, whenever they are printed in debug output
* - point-of-acquire tracking, symbolic lookup of function names
* - list of all locks held in the system, printout of them
* - owner tracking
* - detects self-recursing locks and prints out all relevant info
* - detects multi-task circular deadlocks and prints out all affected
* locks and tasks (and only those tasks)
*/
struct mutex {
/* 1: unlocked, 0: locked, negative: locked, possible waiters */
atomic_t count;
spinlock_t wait_lock;
struct list_head wait_list;
#if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES) || defined(CONFIG_SMP)
struct task_struct *owner;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES
const char *name;
void *magic;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
struct lockdep_map dep_map;
#endif
};
/linux/include/linux/mutex.h
二、作用及访问规则:
互斥锁主要用于实现内核中的互斥访问功能。内核互斥锁是在原子 API 之上实现的,但这对于内核用户是不可见的。对它的访问必须遵循一些规则:同一时间只能有一个任务持有互斥锁,而且只有这个任务可以对互斥锁进行解锁。互斥锁不能进行递归锁定或解锁。一个互斥锁对象必须通过其API初始化,而不能使用memset或赋值初始化。一个任务在持有互斥锁的时候是不能结束的。互斥锁所使用的内存区域是不能被释放的。使用中的互斥锁是不能被重新初始化的。并且互斥锁不能用于中断上下文。但是互斥锁比当前的内核信号量选项更快,并且更加紧凑,因此如果它们满足您的需求,那么它们将是您明智的选择。
三、各字段详解:
1、atomic_t count;
指示互斥锁的状态:
1 没有上锁,可以获得
0 被锁定,不能获得
负数 被锁定,且可能在该锁上有等待进程
初始化为没有上锁。
2、spinlock_t wait_lock;
等待获取互斥锁中使用的自旋锁。在获取互斥锁的过程中,操作会在自旋锁的保护中进行。初始化为锁定。
3、struct list_head wait_list;
等待互斥锁的进程队列。
四、操作:
1、定义并初始化:
struct mutex mutex;
mutex_init(&mutex);
/**
* mutex_init - initialize the mutex
* @mutex: the mutex to be initialized
*
* Initialize the mutex to unlocked state.
*
* It is not allowed to initialize an already locked mutex.
*/
# define mutex_init(mutex) \
do { \
static struct lock_class_key __key; \
\
__mutex_init((mutex), #mutex, &__key); \
} while (0)
void
__mutex_init(struct mutex *lock, const char *name, struct lock_class_key *key)
{
atomic_set(&lock->count, 1);
spin_lock_init(&lock->wait_lock);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&lock->wait_list);
mutex_clear_owner(lock);
debug_mutex_init(lock, name, key);
}
直接定义互斥锁mutex并初始化为未锁定,即count为1,wait_lock为未上锁,等待队列wait_list为空
2、获取互斥锁:
(1)具体参见linux/kernel/mutex.c
void __sched mutex_lock(struct mutex *lock)
{
might_sleep();
/*
* The locking fastpath is the 1->0 transition from
* 'unlocked' into 'locked' state.
*/
__mutex_fastpath_lock(&lock->count, __mutex_lock_slowpath);
mutex_set_owner(lock);
}
获取互斥锁。实际上是先给count做自减操作,然后使用本身的自旋锁进入临界区操作。首先取得count的值,在将count置为-1,判断如果原来count的置为1,也即互斥锁可以获得,则直接获取,跳出。否则进入循环反复测试互斥锁的状态。在循环中,也是先取得互斥锁原来的状态,在将其之为-1,判断如果可以获取(等于1),则退出循环,否则设置当前进程的状态为不可中断状态,解锁自身的自旋锁,进入睡眠状态,待被在调度唤醒时,再获得自身的自旋锁,进入新一次的查询其自身状态(该互斥锁的状态)的循环
(2)具体参见linux/kernel/mutex.c
int fastcall __sched mutex_lock_interruptible(struct mutex *lock);
和mutex_lock()一样,也是获取互斥锁。在获得了互斥锁或进入睡眠直到获得互斥锁之后会返回0。如果在等待获取锁的时候进入睡眠状态收到一个信号(被信号打断睡眠),则返回_EINIR。
(3)具体参见linux/kernel/mutex.c
int fastcall __sched mutex_trylock(struct mutex *lock);
试图获取互斥锁,如果成功获取则返回1,否则返回0,不等待。
3、释放互斥锁:
具体参见linux/kernel/mutex.c
void fastcall mutex_unlock(struct mutex *lock);
释放被当前进程获取的互斥锁。该函数不能用在中断上下文中,而且不允许去释放一个没有上锁的互斥锁。五、使用形式:
struct mutex mutex;
mutex_init(&mutex); /*定义*/
...
mutex_lock(&mutex); /*获取互斥锁*/
... /*临界资源*/
mutex_unlock(&mutex); /*释放互斥锁*/
本文来自CSDN博客,转载请标明出处: http://blog.csdn.net/wxdvc/archive/2009/03/04/3956233.aspx

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