Preempt_RT Linux技术文档（一）技术基础（中英文对照）

最近学习preempt-rt linux，阅读官方文档，全是英文，于是翻译如下，以供参考。

官方网址：realtime:start [Wiki]

主要翻译Documentation【文档】部分，主要章节如下：

•  Technical Basics技术基础

• Stable RT Releases稳定的RT版本

• Technical details of PREEMPT_RT patchPREEMPT_RT补丁技术细节

• HOWTOs操作指南

• Publications出版物

• Known Limitations已知限制

Technical basics: Important aspects for real time

技术基础：实时的重要方面

In order to understand the functionality of a real-time operating system (RTOS), you need to know about both general and Linux specific mechanisms.

为了理解实时操作系统 (RTOS) 的功能，您需要了解通用机制和 Linux 特定机制。

Real-time system实时系统

A real-time system is a platform that is running an RTOS and at least one real-time task. An RT task is a task that must be completed before a certain deadline. These tasks can be periodic or aperiodic have a priority to make sure that they are scheduled according to their frequency of execution and the strictness of their deadline. There can also be non real-time tasks running on the system as well.

实时系统是运行 RTOS 和至少一个实时任务的平台。RT 任务是必须在特定期限之前完成的任务。这些任务可以是周期性的，也可以是非周期性的，它们具有优先级，以确保根据它们的执行频率和截止期限的严格性来安排它们。系统上也可以运行非实时任务。

Linux specific preemption models-Linux 特定的抢占模型

The mainline Linux kernel implements three different preemption models for different fields of application like servers or desktop PCs. With the PREEMPT_RT patch two additional preemption models are available. The “Fully Preemptible Kernel” model is the one that turns Linux into an RTOS.

主线 Linux 内核为不同的应用领域（如服务器或台式机）实现了三种不同的抢占模型。通过 PREEMPT_RT 补丁，可以使用两个额外的抢占模型。“完全抢占内核”模型是将 Linux 变成 RTOS 的模型。

Read more about preemption models阅读有关抢占模型的更多信息

Scheduling - Policy and priority调度 - 策略和优先级

The Linux kernel implements several real-time and non real-time scheduling policies. Depending on the scheduling policy of the tasks the scheduler decides which task is swapped out and which task is processed next.

Linux 内核实现了多种实时和非实时调度策略。根据任务的调度策略，调度器决定换出哪个任务以及接下来处理哪个任务。

Read more about policy and priority 阅读有关政策和优先事项的更多信息

Scheduling - RT throttling调度 - RT 节流

The RT throttling mechanism prevents a system to hang, if there is a programming failure in a real-time application. This mechanism makes it possible to stop such an application. The settings for RT throttling are exported into the proc filesystem.

如果实时应用程序中出现编程故障，RT 节流机制可防止系统挂起。这种机制可以停止这样的应用程序。RT 节流的设置被导出到 proc 文件系统中。

Read more about RT throttling 阅读有关 RT 节流的更多信息

Priority inversion - Priority inheritance优先级反转 - 优先级继承

When a task with high priority is blocked by one with low priority because of a mutually exclusive resource, a third task with priority in between the others can run and finish before the task with the highest priority resumes. This phenomenon is known as priority inversion. It can be solved by priority inheritance.

当高优先级的任务由于互斥资源而被低优先级的任务阻塞时，优先级介于其他任务之间的第三个任务可以在具有最高优先级的任务恢复之前运行并完成。这种现象被称为优先级倒置。可以通过优先级继承来解决。

Read more about priority inversion and inheritance阅读有关优先级反转和继承的更多信息