OpenCV（十三）--背景建模、光流估计

最新推荐文章于 2025-09-17 20:19:03 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2025-09-17 20:19:03 发布 · 407 阅读

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#opencv #计算机视觉 #python

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优点：简单
缺点：容易引入噪音和空洞问题
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视频下载地址：
官网：https://opencv.org/releases/
解压打开：E:\opencv-4.7.0\samples\data\vtest.avi

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完整代码

import cv2  # opencv读取的格式是BGR
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# 打开视频
cap = cv2.VideoCapture('test.avi')
kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE, (3, 3))
# 创建混合高斯模型
fgbg = cv2.createBackgroundSubtractorMOG2()

while(True):
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    fgmask = fgbg.apply(frame)
    # 开运算去噪点
    fgmask = cv2.morphologyEx(fgmask, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)
    # 寻找轮廓
    contours = cv2.findContours(fgmask, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)[0]

    for c in contours:
        # 计算各轮廓的周长
        perimeter = cv2.arcLength(c, True)
        if perimeter > 120:
            x, y, w, h = cv2.boundingRect(c)
            cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (0, 255, 0), 2)

    cv2.imshow('frame', frame)
    cv2.imshow('fgmask', fgmask)
    k = cv2.waitKey(150) & 0xff
    if k == 27:
        break

cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

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完整代码

# 打开视频
cap = cv2.VideoCapture('test.avi')
# 角点检测所需参数
feature_params = dict(maxCorners=100,
                      qualityLevel=0.3,
                      minDistance=7)
# lucas kanade参数
lk_params = dict(winSize=(15, 15),
                 maxLevel=2)
# 随机颜色
color = np.random.randint(0, 255, (100, 3))

# 第一帧图像
ret, old_frame = cap.read()
old_gray = cv2.cvtColor(old_frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# 角点检测
p0 = cv2.goodFeaturesToTrack(old_gray, mask=None, **feature_params)

mask = np.zeros_like(old_frame)
while(True):
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    frame_gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    # 光流估计：需要传入前一帧和当前图像和前一帧检测的角点
    pl, st, err = cv2.calcOpticalFlowPyrLK(old_gray, frame_gray, p0, None, **lk_params)
    # st=1表示
    good_new = pl[st == 1]
    good_old = p0[st == 1]
    # 绘制轨迹
    for i, (new, old) in enumerate(zip(good_new, good_old)):
        a, b = new.ravel()  # 将数组维度拉成一维数组
        c, d = old.ravel()
        mask = cv2.line(mask, (int(a), int(b)), (int(c), int(d)), color[i].tolist(), 2)
        frame = cv2.circle(frame, (int(a), int(b)), 5, color[i].tolist(), -1)
    img = cv2.add(frame, mask)

    cv2.imshow('frame', img)
    k = cv2.waitKey(150) & 0xff
    if k == 27:
        break
    # 更新
    old_gray = frame_gray.copy()
    p0 = good_new.reshape(-1, 1, 2)

cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()