本文详细介绍了HTTP缓存的工作原理，包括为何需要缓存、缓存的生命周期和有效性判断，以及浏览器的缓存策略。接着，通过一个实例展示了Okhttp3网络框架如何实现缓存功能，分析了其源码中CacheInterceptor和CacheStrategy的角色。文章还探讨了Okhttp3中缓存文件的组织和操作。通过对缓存机制的深入理解，有助于优化网络请求性能，减少服务器压力。
1. 初识缓存机制原理
1.1. 为何需要缓存？
缓存减少了冗余的数据传输，节省了网络费用。
缓存缓解了网络瓶颈的问题，不需要更多的网络带宽就能更快的加载页面。
缓存降低了对原始服务器的要求，服务器可以更快的响应。
1.2. 缓存的原理
如上图片所示，这就是浏览器的缓存原理图，以流程图的形式描绘出了大致的缓存机制。看过几遍后，便以为缓存机制也不过如此，移动端的缓存更是简单，但实际并非如此，何时采取缓存？缓存何时失效？缓存失效后的做法？等等，有许多值得思考的地方，不过有些部分浏览器已经代替实现了，所以，先来了解浏览器的缓存原理：
(1)首先在有缓存的前提下，判断缓存是否过期，因为缓存相对而言会有一个存在的有效时间，如过期的话需要进一步判断是否向服务器发送请求。
(2)接着就是判断 Etag ，它是关于缓存的一个字段，每次请求都会存在的一个标识符，将文本哈希编码来标识当前文本的状态。首先会判断这个Etag是否存在，如果存在便会向服务器发送请求，在请求时会携带参数，参数If-None-Match会将Etag标记上一起发送给服务器。服务器再决策Etag是否过期，根据返回的响应码来决定从缓存读取还是请求响应。
(3)但是Etag 这个字段并不是必须存在的，当它不存在时，会再次判断 Last-Modified字段是否存在，这个字段表示响应中资源最后一次修改的时间，说白了就是服务器最新一次修改文件的时间。如果存在的话，如同Etag一样会向服务器发送请求，只是携带参数是会用If-Modified-Since去标识Last-Modified字段，一起发送给服务。在服务器决策时，会将Last-Modified与服务器修改文件的时间进行比较，若无变化则直接从缓存中读取，否则请求响应，接收新的数据。
以上内容就是浏览器的缓存机制，了解下来并非简单地判断缓存过期后，就去访问服务器，还要再次进行一系列的判断，真正确定缓存与服务器上内容不同时，需要更新时，才是去访问服务器请求最新数据。
这里，还需要强调一点，虽然缓存已经过期了，但是并非缓存与服务器的内容不同，比如服务端的数据并未做出任何更改，说明此时缓存的依旧是最新数据！所以还需要更详细的判断再来决定是否需要请求服务器更新数据，所以，避免了不必要的请求，这种缓存机制很大程度上减轻了服务器的压力！
1.3. 缓存相关的字段
以下字段都是在HTTP协议中的重要字段。
(1)Expires：实体主体的过期时间。
此字段最初出现于 HTTP 1.0协议，指定缓存内容的失效时间(如果该文本内容支持缓存)，使用的是一个绝对值。(格林威治时间GMT标准)
(2)Cache-Control：控制缓存的行为。
此字段与Expires含义相同，那为何要存在两个含义相同的字段呢？上面有提到，Expires是一个绝对值，服务器同客户端校验的时候，有可能出现偏差，因为客户端的时间可以随意进行修改。即我们可以人为快进客户端时间，则服务器收到该时间后判断当前缓存已失效，可实际上缓存并未失效，所以这个字段就会出现一些问题。在HTTP 1.1协议出现了Cache-Control字段，它使用的是一个相对值，指令的参数有：
no-cache :无缓存指令，即每次请求直接从服务器获取。”Cache-Control”： “no-cache
max-age :代表缓存的有效时间，如果缓存只是用来和服务器做验证，可是设置更有效的”Cache-Control”：”max-age=0”。
only-if-cached :先使用用缓存的数据，如果客户端有缓存，会立即显示客户端的缓存，这样你的应用程序可以在等待最新的数据下载的时候显示一些东西， 重定向request到本地缓存资源，添加”Cache-Control”：”only-if-cached”。
max-stale :即使缓存已过期，也可先展示出来。有时候过期的response比没有response更好，设置最长过期时间来允许过期的response响应： int maxStale = 60 * 60 * 24 * 28; // tolerate 4-weeks stale “Cache-Control”：”max-stale=” + maxStale。
(3)Last-Modified：资源的最后修改日期时间。
响应中资源最后一次修改的时间，用于判断服务器和客户端资源是否一致的重要字段。
(4)ETag：资源的匹配信息。
也是用于判断服务器和客户端资源是否一致的重要字段响应中资源的校验值，为何会存在相同意义的字段？因为如果你在服务器端修改资源后，Last-Modified会改变，可是此时客户端与服务器端资源是否一定不同呢？也许你只是多加了一个空格，此时Last-Modified的改变意味着缓存已失效，可这样请求服务器获取到的数据却是相同的。所以 HTTP协议推出了ETag， 它将服务器返回的 response整个编码处理加密得到的一个值，在服务器上某个时段是唯一标识的，将此值与客户端缓存中的ETag进行比较，可避免Last-Modified漏掉的问题。主旨在于比较两者的内容是否发生变化，而不是单纯的比较时间。
(5)Date：创建报文的时间。
服务器创建报文时的时间。
(6)If-Modified-Since：比较资源的更新时间。
(判断缓存是否失效时标识在请求头的标识量)客户端存取的该资源最后一次修改的时间，同Last-Modified。
(7)If-None-Match：比较实体标记。
(判断缓存是否失效时标识在请求头的标识量)客户端存取的该资源的检验值，同ETag。
举例熟悉HTTP 字段
以上文件是腾讯网和天猫的文件，从右侧可以得知：
Cache-Control：它支持缓存，缓存时间为259200秒，也就是三天。
Date：表示资源发送的时间，指的是服务器的时间，与当时请求时间并非相同！
Expires：资源过期的时间，用Date加上缓存有效时间 max-age而得。
Last-Modified ：最后一次修改的时间。
Etag：改文件被编码加密后得到的一个标识值。
2.了解 Okhttp3网络框架 缓存功能
以上讲解的部分，已经初始了缓存机制的原理，接下来先通过一个小例子来见识 Okhttp3网络框架的缓存机制。
2.1例子测试缓存功能
/**
* Created by Xionghu on 2018/7/2.
* Desc: 网站支持缓存，同时本地指定缓存则有缓存
*/
public class CacheHttp {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
int macCacheSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
Cache cache = new Cache(new File("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\cache"), macCacheSize);
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder().cache(cache).build();
Request request = new Request.Builder().url("http://www.qq.com").cacheControl(new CacheControl.Builder().maxStale(365, TimeUnit.DAYS).build())
.build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
String body1 = response.body().string();
System.out.println("network response " + response.networkResponse());
System.out.println("cache response "+ response.cacheResponse());
System.out.println("******************************");
Response response1 = client.newCall(request).execute();
String body2 = response1.body().string();
System.out.println("network response " + response1.networkResponse());
System.out.println("cache response "+ response1.cacheResponse());
}
}
关于以上代码需要注意的是：response请求资源后的相应有两个相关方法，networkResponse()和cacheResponse()。从字面意义上理解，一个是从网络请求中获取资源，另一个是从缓存中获取资源。如果该资源是从服务器获取的，networkResponse()返回值不会为null，即cacheResponse()返回值为null；如果是从缓存中获取的，networkResponse()返回值为null，cacheResponse()返回值不为null。
运行
network response Response{protocol=http/1.1, code=200, message=OK, url=http://www.qq.com/}
cache response null
******************************
network response null
cache response Response{protocol=http/1.1, code=200, message=OK, url=http://www.qq.com/}
结果分析：因为腾讯网是默认有缓存的，所以我在第一次请求网络时，电脑中并无缓存，资源从服务器上获取，cacheResponse()返回值为null。第二次重复请求腾讯网，自然是从缓存中获取资源。
2.2. 剖析缓存文件
从以上的小例子可得知Okhttp3网络框架的缓存功能，再更详细了解它的缓存，我在代码中指定了将缓存放到文件夹中，在两次请求网络过后，文件夹多出了三个文件，如下图所示：
image.png
(2)7f4c79817fabaeaa0e909754cfe655e7.1 文件
腾讯网站的二进制文件
其实观察前两个文件名，很相似却又有些不一样，其实这是根据腾讯网的url加密后所得。
(3)journal 文件
此文件用于 Okhttp 缓存读取目录时会用到的，可以查看当前客户端请求网络的次数和具体调用请求的地方。看第一行数据，这个也是DiskLruCache所要用到的目录结构。
3.Okhttp源码分析
RealCall 请求入口
final class RealCall implements Call {
final OkHttpClient client;
final RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor retryAndFollowUpInterceptor;
/**
* There is a cycle between the {@link Call} and {@link EventListener} that makes this awkward.
* This will be set after we create the call instance then create the event listener instance.
*/
private EventListener eventListener;
/** The application's original request unadulterated by redirects or auth headers. */
final Request originalRequest;
final boolean forWebSocket;
// Guarded by this.
private boolean executed;
private RealCall(OkHttpClient client, Request originalRequest, boolean forWebSocket) {
this.client = client;
this.originalRequest = originalRequest;
this.forWebSocket = forWebSocket;
this.retryAndFollowUpInterceptor = new RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor(client, forWebSocket);
}
static RealCall newRealCall(OkHttpClient client, Request originalRequest, boolean forWebSocket) {
// Safely publish the Call instance to the EventListener.
RealCall call = new RealCall(client, originalRequest, forWebSocket);
call.eventListener = client.eventListenerFactory().create(call);
return call;
}
@Override public Request request() {
return originalRequest;
}
@Override public Response execute() throws IOException {
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
executed = true;
}
captureCallStackTrace();
eventListener.callStart(this);
try {
client.dispatcher().executed(this);
Response result = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
if (result == null) throw new IOException("Canceled");
return result;
} catch (IOException e) {
eventListener.callFailed(this, e);
throw e;
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}
}
private void captureCallStackTrace() {
Object callStackTrace = Platform.get().getStackTraceForCloseable("response.body().close()");
retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.setCallStackTrace(callStackTrace);
}
@Override public void enqueue(Callback responseCallback) {
synchronized (this) {
if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
executed = true;
}
captureCallStackTrace();
eventListener.callStart(this);
client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback));
}
@Override public void cancel() {
retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.cancel();
}
@Override public synchronized boolean isExecuted() {
return executed;
}
@Override public boolean isCanceled() {
return retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.isCanceled();
}
@SuppressWarnings("CloneDoesntCallSuperClone") // We are a final type & this saves clearing state.
@Override public RealCall clone() {
return RealCall.newRealCall(client, originalRequest, forWebSocket);
}
StreamAllocation streamAllocation() {
return retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.streamAllocation();
}
final class AsyncCall extends NamedRunnable {
private final Callback responseCallback;
AsyncCall(Callback responseCallback) {
super("OkHttp %s", redactedUrl());
this.responseCallback = responseCallback;
}
String host() {
return originalRequest.url().host();
}
Request request() {
return originalRequest;
}
RealCall get() {
return RealCall.this;
}
@Override protected void execute() {
boolean signalledCallback = false;
try {
Response response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
if (retryAndFollowUpInterceptor.isCanceled()) {
signalledCallback = true;
responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
} else {
signalledCallback = true;
responseCallback.onResponse(RealCall.this, response);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
if (signalledCallback) {
// Do not signal the callback twice!
Platform.get().log(INFO, "Callback failure for " + toLoggableString(), e);
} else {
eventListener.callFailed(RealCall.this, e);
responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, e);
}
} finally {
client.dispatcher().finished(this);
}
}
}
/**
* Returns a string that describes this call. Doesn't include a full URL as that might contain
* sensitive information.
*/
String toLoggableString() {
return (isCanceled() ? "canceled " : "")
+ (forWebSocket ? "web socket" : "call")
+ " to " + redactedUrl();
}
String redactedUrl() {
return originalRequest.url().redact();
}
Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain() throws IOException {
// Build a full stack of interceptors.
List interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors());
interceptors.add(retryAndFollowUpInterceptor);
interceptors.add(new BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar()));
interceptors.add(new CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache()));
interceptors.add(new ConnectInterceptor(client));
if (!forWebSocket) {
interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors());
}
interceptors.add(new CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket));
Interceptor.Chain chain = new RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, null, null, null, 0,
originalRequest, this, eventListener, client.connectTimeoutMillis(),
client.readTimeoutMillis(), client.writeTimeoutMillis());
return chain.proceed(originalRequest);
}
}
CacheInterceptor 拦截请求
/** Serves requests from the cache and writes responses to the cache. */
public final class CacheInterceptor implements Interceptor {
final InternalCache cache;
public CacheInterceptor(InternalCache cache) {
this.cache = cache;
}
@Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
Response cacheCandidate = cache != null
? cache.get(chain.request())
: null;
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
CacheStrategy strategy = new CacheStrategy.Factory(now, chain.request(), cacheCandidate).get();
Request networkRequest = strategy.networkRequest;
Response cacheResponse = strategy.cacheResponse;
if (cache != null) {
cache.trackResponse(strategy);
}
if (cacheCandidate != null && cacheResponse == null) {
closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body()); // The cache candidate wasn't applicable. Close it.
}
// If we're forbidden from using the network and the cache is insufficient, fail.
if (networkRequest == null && cacheResponse == null) {
return new Response.Builder()
.request(chain.request())
.protocol(Protocol.HTTP_1_1)
.code(504)
.message("Unsatisfiable Request (only-if-cached)")
.body(Util.EMPTY_RESPONSE)
.sentRequestAtMillis(-1L)
.receivedResponseAtMillis(System.currentTimeMillis())
.build();
}
// If we don't need the network, we're done.
if (networkRequest == null) {
return cacheResponse.newBuilder()
.cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
.build();
}
Response networkResponse = null;
try {
networkResponse = chain.proceed(networkRequest);
} finally {
// If we're crashing on I/O or otherwise, don't leak the cache body.
if (networkResponse == null && cacheCandidate != null) {
closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body());
}
}
// If we have a cache response too, then we're doing a conditional get.
if (cacheResponse != null) {
if (networkResponse.code() == HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED) {
Response response = cacheResponse.newBuilder()
.headers(combine(cacheResponse.headers(), networkResponse.headers()))
.sentRequestAtMillis(networkResponse.sentRequestAtMillis())
.receivedResponseAtMillis(networkResponse.receivedResponseAtMillis())
.cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
.networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
.build();
networkResponse.body().close();
// Update the cache after combining headers but before stripping the
// Content-Encoding header (as performed by initContentStream()).
cache.trackConditionalCacheHit();
cache.update(cacheResponse, response);
return response;
} else {
closeQuietly(cacheResponse.body());
}
}
Response response = networkResponse.newBuilder()
.cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
.networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
.build();
if (cache != null) {
if (HttpHeaders.hasBody(response) && CacheStrategy.isCacheable(response, networkRequest)) {
// Offer this request to the cache.
CacheRequest cacheRequest = cache.put(response);
return cacheWritingResponse(cacheRequest, response);
}
if (HttpMethod.invalidatesCache(networkRequest.method())) {
try {
cache.remove(networkRequest);
} catch (IOException ignored) {
// The cache cannot be written.
}
}
}
return response;
}
private static Response stripBody(Response response) {
return response != null && response.body() != null
? response.newBuilder().body(null).build()
: response;
}
/**
* Returns a new source that writes bytes to {@code cacheRequest} as they are read by the source
* consumer. This is careful to discard bytes left over when the stream is closed; otherwise we
* may never exhaust the source stream and therefore not complete the cached response.
*/
private Response cacheWritingResponse(final CacheRequest cacheRequest, Response response)
throws IOException {
// Some apps return a null body; for compatibility we treat that like a null cache request.
if (cacheRequest == null) return response;
Sink cacheBodyUnbuffered = cacheRequest.body();
if (cacheBodyUnbuffered == null) return response;
final BufferedSource source = response.body().source();
final BufferedSink cacheBody = Okio.buffer(cacheBodyUnbuffered);
Source cacheWritingSource = new Source() {
boolean cacheRequestClosed;
@Override public long read(Buffer sink, long byteCount) throws IOException {
long bytesRead;
try {
bytesRead = source.read(sink, byteCount);
} catch (IOException e) {
if (!cacheRequestClosed) {
cacheRequestClosed = true;
cacheRequest.abort(); // Failed to write a complete cache response.
}
throw e;
}
if (bytesRead == -1) {
if (!cacheRequestClosed) {
cacheRequestClosed = true;
cacheBody.close(); // The cache response is complete!
}
return -1;
}
sink.copyTo(cacheBody.buffer(), sink.size() - bytesRead, bytesRead);
cacheBody.emitCompleteSegments();
return bytesRead;
}
@Override public Timeout timeout() {
return source.timeout();
}
@Override public void close() throws IOException {
if (!cacheRequestClosed
&& !discard(this, HttpCodec.DISCARD_STREAM_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS)) {
cacheRequestClosed = true;
cacheRequest.abort();
}
source.close();
}
};
String contentType = response.header("Content-Type");
long contentLength = response.body().contentLength();
return response.newBuilder()
.body(new RealResponseBody(contentType, contentLength, Okio.buffer(cacheWritingSource)))
.build();
}
/** Combines cached headers with a network headers as defined by RFC 7234, 4.3.4. */
private static Headers combine(Headers cachedHeaders, Headers networkHeaders) {
Headers.Builder result = new Headers.Builder();
for (int i = 0, size = cachedHeaders.size(); i < size; i++) {
String fieldName = cachedHeaders.name(i);
String value = cachedHeaders.value(i);
if ("Warning".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName) && value.startsWith("1")) {
continue; // Drop 100-level freshness warnings.
}
if (isContentSpecificHeader(fieldName) || !isEndToEnd(fieldName)
|| networkHeaders.get(fieldName) == null) {
Internal.instance.addLenient(result, fieldName, value);
}
}
for (int i = 0, size = networkHeaders.size(); i < size; i++) {
String fieldName = networkHeaders.name(i);
if (!isContentSpecificHeader(fieldName) && isEndToEnd(fieldName)) {
Internal.instance.addLenient(result, fieldName, networkHeaders.value(i));
}
}
return result.build();
}
/**
* Returns true if {@code fieldName} is an end-to-end HTTP header, as defined by RFC 2616,
* 13.5.1.
*/
static boolean isEndToEnd(String fieldName) {
return !"Connection".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)
&& !"Keep-Alive".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)
&& !"Proxy-Authenticate".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)
&& !"Proxy-Authorization".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)
&& !"TE".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)
&& !"Trailers".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)
&& !"Transfer-Encoding".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)
&& !"Upgrade".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName);
}
/**
* Returns true if {@code fieldName} is content specific and therefore should always be used
* from cached headers.
*/
static boolean isContentSpecificHeader(String fieldName) {
return "Content-Length".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)
|| "Content-Encoding".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)
|| "Content-Type".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName);
}
}
CacheStrategy 拦截策略
public final class CacheStrategy {
/** The request to send on the network, or null if this call doesn't use the network. */
public final @Nullable Request networkRequest;
/** The cached response to return or validate; or null if this call doesn't use a cache. */
public final @Nullable Response cacheResponse;
CacheStrategy(Request networkRequest, Response cacheResponse) {
this.networkRequest = networkRequest;
this.cacheResponse = cacheResponse;
}
/** Returns true if {@code response} can be stored to later serve another request. */
public static boolean isCacheable(Response response, Request request) {
// Always go to network for uncacheable response codes (RFC 7231 section 6.1),
// This implementation doesn't support caching partial content.
switch (response.code()) {
case HTTP_OK:
case HTTP_NOT_AUTHORITATIVE:
case HTTP_NO_CONTENT:
case HTTP_MULT_CHOICE:
case HTTP_MOVED_PERM:
case HTTP_NOT_FOUND:
case HTTP_BAD_METHOD:
case HTTP_GONE:
case HTTP_REQ_TOO_LONG:
case HTTP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED:
case StatusLine.HTTP_PERM_REDIRECT:
// These codes can be cached unless headers forbid it.
break;
case HTTP_MOVED_TEMP:
case StatusLine.HTTP_TEMP_REDIRECT:
// These codes can only be cached with the right response headers.
// http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7234#section-3
// s-maxage is not checked because OkHttp is a private cache that should ignore s-maxage.
if (response.header("Expires") != null
|| response.cacheControl().maxAgeSeconds() != -1
|| response.cacheControl().isPublic()
|| response.cacheControl().isPrivate()) {
break;
}
// Fall-through.
default:
// All other codes cannot be cached.
return false;
}
// A 'no-store' directive on request or response prevents the response from being cached.
return !response.cacheControl().noStore() && !request.cacheControl().noStore();
}
public static class Factory {
final long nowMillis;
final Request request;
final Response cacheResponse;
/** The server's time when the cached response was served, if known. */
private Date servedDate;
private String servedDateString;
/** The last modified date of the cached response, if known. */
private Date lastModified;
private String lastModifiedString;
/**
* The expiration date of the cached response, if known. If both this field and the max age are
* set, the max age is preferred.
*/
private Date expires;
/**
* Extension header set by OkHttp specifying the timestamp when the cached HTTP request was
* first initiated.
*/
private long sentRequestMillis;
/**
* Extension header set by OkHttp specifying the timestamp when the cached HTTP response was
* first received.
*/
private long receivedResponseMillis;
/** Etag of the cached response. */
private String etag;
/** Age of the cached response. */
private int ageSeconds = -1;
public Factory(long nowMillis, Request request, Response cacheResponse) {
this.nowMillis = nowMillis;
this.request = request;
this.cacheResponse = cacheResponse;
if (cacheResponse != null) {
this.sentRequestMillis = cacheResponse.sentRequestAtMillis();
this.receivedResponseMillis = cacheResponse.receivedResponseAtMillis();
Headers headers = cacheResponse.headers();
for (int i = 0, size = headers.size(); i < size; i++) {
String fieldName = headers.name(i);
String value = headers.value(i);
if ("Date".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
servedDate = HttpDate.parse(value);
servedDateString = value;
} else if ("Expires".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
expires = HttpDate.parse(value);
} else if ("Last-Modified".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
lastModified = HttpDate.parse(value);
lastModifiedString = value;
} else if ("ETag".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
etag = value;
} else if ("Age".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
ageSeconds = HttpHeaders.parseSeconds(value, -1);
}
}
}
}
/**
* Returns a strategy to satisfy {@code request} using the a cached response {@code response}.
*/
public CacheStrategy get() {
CacheStrategy candidate = getCandidate();
if (candidate.networkRequest != null && request.cacheControl().onlyIfCached()) {
// We're forbidden from using the network and the cache is insufficient.
return new CacheStrategy(null, null);
}
return candidate;
}
/** Returns a strategy to use assuming the request can use the network. */
private CacheStrategy getCandidate() {
// No cached response.
if (cacheResponse == null) {
return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
}
// Drop the cached response if it's missing a required handshake.
if (request.isHttps() && cacheResponse.handshake() == null) {
return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
}
// If this response shouldn't have been stored, it should never be used
// as a response source. This check should be redundant as long as the
// persistence store is well-behaved and the rules are constant.
if (!isCacheable(cacheResponse, request)) {
return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
}
CacheControl requestCaching = request.cacheControl();
if (requestCaching.noCache() || hasConditions(request)) {
return new CacheStrategy(request, null);
}
CacheControl responseCaching = cacheResponse.cacheControl();
if (responseCaching.immutable()) {
return new CacheStrategy(null, cacheResponse);
}
long ageMillis = cacheResponseAge();
long freshMillis = computeFreshnessLifetime();
if (requestCaching.maxAgeSeconds() != -1) {
freshMillis = Math.min(freshMillis, SECONDS.toMillis(requestCaching.maxAgeSeconds()));
}
long minFreshMillis = 0;
if (requestCaching.minFreshSeconds() != -1) {
minFreshMillis = SECONDS.toMillis(requestCaching.minFreshSeconds());
}
long maxStaleMillis = 0;
if (!responseCaching.mustRevalidate() && requestCaching.maxStaleSeconds() != -1) {
maxStaleMillis = SECONDS.toMillis(requestCaching.maxStaleSeconds());
}
if (!responseCaching.noCache() && ageMillis + minFreshMillis < freshMillis + maxStaleMillis) {
Response.Builder builder = cacheResponse.newBuilder();
if (ageMillis + minFreshMillis >= freshMillis) {
builder.addHeader("Warning", "110 HttpURLConnection \"Response is stale\"");
}
long oneDayMillis = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000L;
if (ageMillis > oneDayMillis && isFreshnessLifetimeHeuristic()) {
builder.addHeader("Warning", "113 HttpURLConnection \"Heuristic expiration\"");
}
return new CacheStrategy(null, builder.build());
}
// Find a condition to add to the request. If the condition is satisfied, the response body
// will not be transmitted.
String conditionName;
String conditionValue;
if (etag != null) {
conditionName = "If-None-Match";
conditionValue = etag;
} else if (lastModified != null) {
conditionName = "If-Modified-Since";
conditionValue = lastModifiedString;
} else if (servedDate != null) {
conditionName = "If-Modified-Since";
conditionValue = servedDateString;
} else {
return new CacheStrategy(request, null); // No condition! Make a regular request.
}
Headers.Builder conditionalRequestHeaders = request.headers().newBuilder();
Internal.instance.addLenient(conditionalRequestHeaders, conditionName, conditionValue);
Request conditionalRequest = request.newBuilder()
.headers(conditionalRequestHeaders.build())
.build();
return new CacheStrategy(conditionalRequest, cacheResponse);
}
/**
* Returns the number of milliseconds that the response was fresh for, starting from the served
* date.
*/
private long computeFreshnessLifetime() {
CacheControl responseCaching = cacheResponse.cacheControl();
if (responseCaching.maxAgeSeconds() != -1) {
return SECONDS.toMillis(responseCaching.maxAgeSeconds());
} else if (expires != null) {
long servedMillis = servedDate != null
? servedDate.getTime()
: receivedResponseMillis;
long delta = expires.getTime() - servedMillis;
return delta > 0 ? delta : 0;
} else if (lastModified != null
&& cacheResponse.request().url().query() == null) {
// As recommended by the HTTP RFC and implemented in Firefox, the
// max age of a document should be defaulted to 10% of the
// document's age at the time it was served. Default expiration
// dates aren't used for URIs containing a query.
long servedMillis = servedDate != null
? servedDate.getTime()
: sentRequestMillis;
long delta = servedMillis - lastModified.getTime();
return delta > 0 ? (delta / 10) : 0;
}
return 0;
}
/**
* Returns the current age of the response, in milliseconds. The calculation is specified by RFC
* 7234, 4.2.3 Calculating Age.
*/
private long cacheResponseAge() {
long apparentReceivedAge = servedDate != null
? Math.max(0, receivedResponseMillis - servedDate.getTime())
: 0;
long receivedAge = ageSeconds != -1
? Math.max(apparentReceivedAge, SECONDS.toMillis(ageSeconds))
: apparentReceivedAge;
long responseDuration = receivedResponseMillis - sentRequestMillis;
long residentDuration = nowMillis - receivedResponseMillis;
return receivedAge + responseDuration + residentDuration;
}
/**
* Returns true if computeFreshnessLifetime used a heuristic. If we used a heuristic to serve a
* cached response older than 24 hours, we are required to attach a warning.
*/
private boolean isFreshnessLifetimeHeuristic() {
return cacheResponse.cacheControl().maxAgeSeconds() == -1 && expires == null;
}
/**
* Returns true if the request contains conditions that save the server from sending a response
* that the client has locally. When a request is enqueued with its own conditions, the built-in
* response cache won't be used.
*/
private static boolean hasConditions(Request request) {
return request.header("If-Modified-Since") != null || request.header("If-None-Match") != null;
}
}
}
Cache 设置缓存文件信息
public final class Cache implements Closeable, Flushable {
private static final int VERSION = 201105;
private static final int ENTRY_METADATA = 0;
private static final int ENTRY_BODY = 1;
private static final int ENTRY_COUNT = 2;
final InternalCache internalCache = new InternalCache() {
@Override public Response get(Request request) throws IOException {
return Cache.this.get(request);
}
@Override public CacheRequest put(Response response) throws IOException {
return Cache.this.put(response);
}
@Override public void remove(Request request) throws IOException {
Cache.this.remove(request);
}
@Override public void update(Response cached, Response network) {
Cache.this.update(cached, network);
}
@Override public void trackConditionalCacheHit() {
Cache.this.trackConditionalCacheHit();
}
@Override public void trackResponse(CacheStrategy cacheStrategy) {
Cache.this.trackResponse(cacheStrategy);
}
};
final DiskLruCache cache;
/* read and write statistics, all guarded by 'this' */
int writeSuccessCount;
int writeAbortCount;
private int networkCount;
private int hitCount;
private int requestCount;
public Cache(File directory, long maxSize) {
this(directory, maxSize, FileSystem.SYSTEM);
}
Cache(File directory, long maxSize, FileSystem fileSystem) {
this.cache = DiskLruCache.create(fileSystem, directory, VERSION, ENTRY_COUNT, maxSize);
}
public static String key(HttpUrl url) {
return ByteString.encodeUtf8(url.toString()).md5().hex();
}
@Nullable Response get(Request request) {
String key = key(request.url());
DiskLruCache.Snapshot snapshot;
Entry entry;
try {
snapshot = cache.get(key);
if (snapshot == null) {
return null;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// Give up because the cache cannot be read.
return null;
}
try {
entry = new Entry(snapshot.getSource(ENTRY_METADATA));
} catch (IOException e) {
Util.closeQuietly(snapshot);
return null;
}
Response response = entry.response(snapshot);
if (!entry.matches(request, response)) {
Util.closeQuietly(response.body());
return null;
}
return response;
}
@Nullable CacheRequest put(Response response) {
String requestMethod = response.request().method();
if (HttpMethod.invalidatesCache(response.request().method())) {
try {
remove(response.request());
} catch (IOException ignored) {
// The cache cannot be written.
}
return null;
}
if (!requestMethod.equals("GET")) {
// Don't cache non-GET responses. We're technically allowed to cache
// HEAD requests and some POST requests, but the complexity of doing
// so is high and the benefit is low.
return null;
}
if (HttpHeaders.hasVaryAll(response)) {
return null;
}
Entry entry = new Entry(response);
DiskLruCache.Editor editor = null;
try {
editor = cache.edit(key(response.request().url()));
if (editor == null) {
return null;
}
entry.writeTo(editor);
return new CacheRequestImpl(editor);
} catch (IOException e) {
abortQuietly(editor);
return null;
}
}
void remove(Request request) throws IOException {
cache.remove(key(request.url()));
}
void update(Response cached, Response network) {
Entry entry = new Entry(network);
DiskLruCache.Snapshot snapshot = ((CacheResponseBody) cached.body()).snapshot;
DiskLruCache.Editor editor = null;
try {
editor = snapshot.edit(); // Returns null if snapshot is not current.
if (editor != null) {
entry.writeTo(editor);
editor.commit();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
abortQuietly(editor);
}
}
private void abortQuietly(@Nullable DiskLruCache.Editor editor) {
// Give up because the cache cannot be written.
try {
if (editor != null) {
editor.abort();
}
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
}
/**
* Initialize the cache. This will include reading the journal files from the storage and building
* up the necessary in-memory cache information.
*
*
The initialization time may vary depending on the journal file size and the current actual
* cache size. The application needs to be aware of calling this function during the
* initialization phase and preferably in a background worker thread.
*
*
Note that if the application chooses to not call this method to initialize the cache. By
* default, the okhttp will perform lazy initialization upon the first usage of the cache.
*/
public void initialize() throws IOException {
cache.initialize();
}
/**
* Closes the cache and deletes all of its stored values. This will delete all files in the cache
* directory including files that weren't created by the cache.
*/
public void delete() throws IOException {
cache.delete();
}
/**
* Deletes all values stored in the cache. In-flight writes to the cache will complete normally,
* but the corresponding responses will not be stored.
*/
public void evictAll() throws IOException {
cache.evictAll();
}
/**
* Returns an iterator over the URLs in this cache. This iterator doesn't throw {@code
* ConcurrentModificationException}, but if new responses are added while iterating, their URLs
* will not be returned. If existing responses are evicted during iteration, they will be absent
* (unless they were already returned).
*
*
The iterator supports {@linkplain Iterator#remove}. Removing a URL from the iterator evicts
* the corresponding response from the cache. Use this to evict selected responses.
*/
public Iterator urls() throws IOException {
return new Iterator() {
final Iterator delegate = cache.snapshots();
@Nullable String nextUrl;
boolean canRemove;
@Override public boolean hasNext() {
if (nextUrl != null) return true;
canRemove = false; // Prevent delegate.remove() on the wrong item!
while (delegate.hasNext()) {
DiskLruCache.Snapshot snapshot = delegate.next();
try {
BufferedSource metadata = Okio.buffer(snapshot.getSource(ENTRY_METADATA));
nextUrl = metadata.readUtf8LineStrict();
return true;
} catch (IOException ignored) {
// We couldn't read the metadata for this snapshot; possibly because the host filesystem
// has disappeared! Skip it.
} finally {
snapshot.close();
}
}
return false;
}
@Override public String next() {
if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException();
String result = nextUrl;
nextUrl = null;
canRemove = true;
return result;
}
@Override public void remove() {
if (!canRemove) throw new IllegalStateException("remove() before next()");
delegate.remove();
}
};
}
public synchronized int writeAbortCount() {
return writeAbortCount;
}
public synchronized int writeSuccessCount() {
return writeSuccessCount;
}
public long size() throws IOException {
return cache.size();
}
public long maxSize() {
return cache.getMaxSize();
}
@Override public void flush() throws IOException {
cache.flush();
}
@Override public void close() throws IOException {
cache.close();
}
public File directory() {
return cache.getDirectory();
}
public boolean isClosed() {
return cache.isClosed();
}
synchronized void trackResponse(CacheStrategy cacheStrategy) {
requestCount++;
if (cacheStrategy.networkRequest != null) {
// If this is a conditional request, we'll increment hitCount if/when it hits.
networkCount++;
} else if (cacheStrategy.cacheResponse != null) {
// This response uses the cache and not the network. That's a cache hit.
hitCount++;
}
}
synchronized void trackConditionalCacheHit() {
hitCount++;
}
public synchronized int networkCount() {
return networkCount;
}
public synchronized int hitCount() {
return hitCount;
}
public synchronized int requestCount() {
return requestCount;
}
private final class CacheRequestImpl implements CacheRequest {
private final DiskLruCache.Editor editor;
private Sink cacheOut;
private Sink body;
boolean done;
CacheRequestImpl(final DiskLruCache.Editor editor) {
this.editor = editor;
this.cacheOut = editor.newSink(ENTRY_BODY);
this.body = new ForwardingSink(cacheOut) {
@Override public void close() throws IOException {
synchronized (Cache.this) {
if (done) {
return;
}
done = true;
writeSuccessCount++;
}
super.close();
editor.commit();
}
};
}
@Override public void abort() {
synchronized (Cache.this) {
if (done) {
return;
}
done = true;
writeAbortCount++;
}
Util.closeQuietly(cacheOut);
try {
editor.abort();
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
}
@Override public Sink body() {
return body;
}
}
private static final class Entry {
/** Synthetic response header: the local time when the request was sent. */
private static final String SENT_MILLIS = Platform.get().getPrefix() + "-Sent-Millis";
/** Synthetic response header: the local time when the response was received. */
private static final String RECEIVED_MILLIS = Platform.get().getPrefix() + "-Received-Millis";
private final String url;
private final Headers varyHeaders;
private final String requestMethod;
private final Protocol protocol;
private final int code;
private final String message;
private final Headers responseHeaders;
private final @Nullable Handshake handshake;
private final long sentRequestMillis;
private final long receivedResponseMillis;
/**
* Reads an entry from an input stream. A typical entry looks like this:
*
{@code* http://google.com/foo
* GET
* 2
* Accept-Language: fr-CA
* Accept-Charset: UTF-8
* HTTP/1.1 200 OK
* 3
* Content-Type: image/png
* Content-Length: 100
* Cache-Control: max-age=600
* }
*
*
A typical HTTPS file looks like this:
*
{@code* https://google.com/foo
* GET
* 2
* Accept-Language: fr-CA
* Accept-Charset: UTF-8
* HTTP/1.1 200 OK
* 3
* Content-Type: image/png
* Content-Length: 100
* Cache-Control: max-age=600
*
* AES_256_WITH_MD5
* 2
* base64-encoded peerCertificate[0]
* base64-encoded peerCertificate[1]
* -1
* TLSv1.2
* }
* The file is newline separated. The first two lines are the URL and the request method. Next
* is the number of HTTP Vary request header lines, followed by those lines.
*
*
Next is the response status line, followed by the number of HTTP response header lines,
* followed by those lines.
*
*
HTTPS responses also contain SSL session information. This begins with a blank line, and
* then a line containing the cipher suite. Next is the length of the peer certificate chain.
* These certificates are base64-encoded and appear each on their own line. The next line
* contains the length of the local certificate chain. These certificates are also
* base64-encoded and appear each on their own line. A length of -1 is used to encode a null
* array. The last line is optional. If present, it contains the TLS version.
*/
Entry(Source in) throws IOException {
try {
BufferedSource source = Okio.buffer(in);
url = source.readUtf8LineStrict();
requestMethod = source.readUtf8LineStrict();
Headers.Builder varyHeadersBuilder = new Headers.Builder();
int varyRequestHeaderLineCount = readInt(source);
for (int i = 0; i < varyRequestHeaderLineCount; i++) {
varyHeadersBuilder.addLenient(source.readUtf8LineStrict());
}
varyHeaders = varyHeadersBuilder.build();
StatusLine statusLine = StatusLine.parse(source.readUtf8LineStrict());
protocol = statusLine.protocol;
code = statusLine.code;
message = statusLine.message;
Headers.Builder responseHeadersBuilder = new Headers.Builder();
int responseHeaderLineCount = readInt(source);
for (int i = 0; i < responseHeaderLineCount; i++) {
responseHeadersBuilder.addLenient(source.readUtf8LineStrict());
}
String sendRequestMillisString = responseHeadersBuilder.get(SENT_MILLIS);
String receivedResponseMillisString = responseHeadersBuilder.get(RECEIVED_MILLIS);
responseHeadersBuilder.removeAll(SENT_MILLIS);
responseHeadersBuilder.removeAll(RECEIVED_MILLIS);
sentRequestMillis = sendRequestMillisString != null
? Long.parseLong(sendRequestMillisString)
: 0L;
receivedResponseMillis = receivedResponseMillisString != null
? Long.parseLong(receivedResponseMillisString)
: 0L;
responseHeaders = responseHeadersBuilder.build();
if (isHttps()) {
String blank = source.readUtf8LineStrict();
if (blank.length() > 0) {
throw new IOException("expected \"\" but was \"" + blank + "\"");
}
String cipherSuiteString = source.readUtf8LineStrict();
CipherSuite cipherSuite = CipherSuite.forJavaName(cipherSuiteString);
List peerCertificates = readCertificateList(source);
List localCertificates = readCertificateList(source);
TlsVersion tlsVersion = !source.exhausted()
? TlsVersion.forJavaName(source.readUtf8LineStrict())
: TlsVersion.SSL_3_0;
handshake = Handshake.get(tlsVersion, cipherSuite, peerCertificates, localCertificates);
} else {
handshake = null;
}
} finally {
in.close();
}
}
Entry(Response response) {
this.url = response.request().url().toString();
this.varyHeaders = HttpHeaders.varyHeaders(response);
this.requestMethod = response.request().method();
this.protocol = response.protocol();
this.code = response.code();
this.message = response.message();
this.responseHeaders = response.headers();
this.handshake = response.handshake();
this.sentRequestMillis = response.sentRequestAtMillis();
this.receivedResponseMillis = response.receivedResponseAtMillis();
}
public void writeTo(DiskLruCache.Editor editor) throws IOException {
BufferedSink sink = Okio.buffer(editor.newSink(ENTRY_METADATA));
sink.writeUtf8(url)
.writeByte('\n');
sink.writeUtf8(requestMethod)
.writeByte('\n');
sink.writeDecimalLong(varyHeaders.size())
.writeByte('\n');
for (int i = 0, size = varyHeaders.size(); i < size; i++) {
sink.writeUtf8(varyHeaders.name(i))
.writeUtf8(": ")
.writeUtf8(varyHeaders.value(i))
.writeByte('\n');
}
sink.writeUtf8(new StatusLine(protocol, code, message).toString())
.writeByte('\n');
sink.writeDecimalLong(responseHeaders.size() + 2)
.writeByte('\n');
for (int i = 0, size = responseHeaders.size(); i < size; i++) {
sink.writeUtf8(responseHeaders.name(i))
.writeUtf8(": ")
.writeUtf8(responseHeaders.value(i))
.writeByte('\n');
}
sink.writeUtf8(SENT_MILLIS)
.writeUtf8(": ")
.writeDecimalLong(sentRequestMillis)
.writeByte('\n');
sink.writeUtf8(RECEIVED_MILLIS)
.writeUtf8(": ")
.writeDecimalLong(receivedResponseMillis)
.writeByte('\n');
if (isHttps()) {
sink.writeByte('\n');
sink.writeUtf8(handshake.cipherSuite().javaName())
.writeByte('\n');
writeCertList(sink, handshake.peerCertificates());
writeCertList(sink, handshake.localCertificates());
sink.writeUtf8(handshake.tlsVersion().javaName()).writeByte('\n');
}
sink.close();
}
private boolean isHttps() {
return url.startsWith("https://");
}
private List readCertificateList(BufferedSource source) throws IOException {
int length = readInt(source);
if (length == -1) return Collections.emptyList(); // OkHttp v1.2 used -1 to indicate null.
try {
CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
List result = new ArrayList<>(length);
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
String line = source.readUtf8LineStrict();
Buffer bytes = new Buffer();
bytes.write(ByteString.decodeBase64(line));
result.add(certificateFactory.generateCertificate(bytes.inputStream()));
}
return result;
} catch (CertificateException e) {
throw new IOException(e.getMessage());
}
}
private void writeCertList(BufferedSink sink, List certificates)
throws IOException {
try {
sink.writeDecimalLong(certificates.size())
.writeByte('\n');
for (int i = 0, size = certificates.size(); i < size; i++) {
byte[] bytes = certificates.get(i).getEncoded();
String line = ByteString.of(bytes).base64();
sink.writeUtf8(line)
.writeByte('\n');
}
} catch (CertificateEncodingException e) {
throw new IOException(e.getMessage());
}
}
public boolean matches(Request request, Response response) {
return url.equals(request.url().toString())
&& requestMethod.equals(request.method())
&& HttpHeaders.varyMatches(response, varyHeaders, request);
}
public Response response(DiskLruCache.Snapshot snapshot) {
String contentType = responseHeaders.get("Content-Type");
String contentLength = responseHeaders.get("Content-Length");
Request cacheRequest = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.method(requestMethod, null)
.headers(varyHeaders)
.build();
return new Response.Builder()
.request(cacheRequest)
.protocol(protocol)
.code(code)
.message(message)
.headers(responseHeaders)
.body(new CacheResponseBody(snapshot, contentType, contentLength))
.handshake(handshake)
.sentRequestAtMillis(sentRequestMillis)
.receivedResponseAtMillis(receivedResponseMillis)
.build();
}
}
static int readInt(BufferedSource source) throws IOException {
try {
long result = source.readDecimalLong();
String line = source.readUtf8LineStrict();
if (result < 0 || result > Integer.MAX_VALUE || !line.isEmpty()) {
throw new IOException("expected an int but was \"" + result + line + "\"");
}
return (int) result;
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
throw new IOException(e.getMessage());
}
}
private static class CacheResponseBody extends ResponseBody {
final DiskLruCache.Snapshot snapshot;
private final BufferedSource bodySource;
private final @Nullable String contentType;
private final @Nullable String contentLength;
CacheResponseBody(final DiskLruCache.Snapshot snapshot,
String contentType, String contentLength) {
this.snapshot = snapshot;
this.contentType = contentType;
this.contentLength = contentLength;
Source source = snapshot.getSource(ENTRY_BODY);
bodySource = Okio.buffer(new ForwardingSource(source) {
@Override public void close() throws IOException {
snapshot.close();
super.close();
}
});
}
@Override public MediaType contentType() {
return contentType != null ? MediaType.parse(contentType) : null;
}
@Override public long contentLength() {
try {
return contentLength != null ? Long.parseLong(contentLength) : -1;
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
return -1;
}
}
@Override public BufferedSource source() {
return bodySource;
}
}
}
DiskLruCache Android 磁盘缓存
DiskLruCache 源码略
特别感谢：
扫一扫
8621
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
