syscall指令_MIPS汇编语言SYSCALL指令的用法

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本文介绍了MARS中可用的SYSCALL系统服务，主要用于输入输出。说明了使用SYSCALL系统服务的步骤，包括加载服务号、参数值，执行指令和获取返回值。还列举了一系列可用服务，如打印、读取数据、文件操作等，并介绍了各服务的代码、参数和结果。

SYSCALL functions available in MARS

Introduction

A number of system services, mainly for input and output, are available for use by your MIPS program. They are described in the table below.

MIPS register contents are not affected by a system call, except for result registers as specified in the table below.

How to use SYSCALL system services Step 1. Load the service number in register $v0.

Step 2. Load argument values, if any, in $a0, $a1, $a2, or $f12 as specified.

Step 3. Issue the SYSCALL instruction.

Step 4. Retrieve return values, if any, from result registers as specified.

Example: display the value stored in $t0 on the console

li $v0, 1 # service 1 is print integer

add $a0, $t0, $zero # load desired value into argument register $a0, using pseudo-op

syscall

Table of Available Services

Service

Code in $v0

Arguments

Result

print integer

$a0 = integer to print

print float

$f12 = float to print

print double

$f12 = double to print

print string

$a0 = address of null-terminated string to print

read integer

$v0 contains integer read

read float

$f0 contains float read

read double

$f0 contains double read

read string

$a0 = address of input buffer

$a1 = maximum number of characters to read

See note below table

sbrk (allocate heap memory)

$a0 = number of bytes to allocate

$v0 contains address of allocated memory

exit (terminate execution)

print character

$a0 = character to print

See note below table

read character

$v0 contains character read

open file

$a0 = address of null-terminated string containing filename

$a1 = flags

$a2 = mode

$v0 contains file descriptor (negative if error). See note below table

read from file

$a0 = file descriptor

$a1 = address of input buffer

$a2 = maximum number of characters to read

$v0 contains number of characters read (0 if end-of-file, negative if error). See note below table

write to file

$a0 = file descriptor

$a1 = address of output buffer

$a2 = number of characters to write

$v0 contains number of characters written (negative if error). See note below table

close file

$a0 = file descriptor

exit2 (terminate with value)

$a0 = termination result

See note below table

Services 1 through 17 are compatible with the SPIM simulator, other than Open File (13) as described in the Notes below the table. Services 30 and higher are exclusive to MARS.

time (system time)

$a0 = low order 32 bits of system time

$a1 = high order 32 bits of system time. See note below table

MIDI out

$a0 = pitch (0-127)

$a1 = duration in milliseconds

$a2 = instrument (0-127)

$a3 = volume (0-127)

Generate tone and return immediately. See note below table

sleep

$a0 = the length of time to sleep in milliseconds.

Causes the MARS Java thread to sleep for (at least) the specified number of milliseconds. This timing will not be precise, as the Java implementation will add some overhead.

MIDI out synchronous

$a0 = pitch (0-127)

$a1 = duration in milliseconds

$a2 = instrument (0-127)

$a3 = volume (0-127)

Generate tone and return upon tone completion. See note below table

print integer in hexadecimal

$a0 = integer to print

Displayed value is 8 hexadecimal digits, left-padding with zeroes if necessary.

print integer in binary

$a0 = integer to print

Displayed value is 32 bits, left-padding with zeroes if necessary.

print integer as unsigned

$a0 = integer to print

Displayed as unsigned decimal value.

(not used)

37-39

set seed