promtail 配置详解_基于Grafana实现的Loki日志聚合系统部署

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#promtail 配置详解

本文介绍了如何使用Grafana的Loki日志聚合系统，强调其轻量级、高效的特点，并指出其与Prometheus标签体系的兼容性。部署过程涉及三个组件：loki、promtail和Grafana。通过kompose工具将docker-compose转换为k8s yaml文件，然后在k3s集群中部署。读者可以学习到如何配置loki和promtail，以及如何通过Grafana界面展示日志。

相比较ELK或EFK更轻便，高效，类似于k3s之于k8s。

Loki操作简单，且资源效率高，节省成本，Grafana原生支持。

使用与 Prometheus 相同的标签记录流对日志进行索引和分组，这使得日志的扩展和操作效率更高。

Loki由3个部分组成：

1. loki是主服务器，负责存储日志和处理查询。

2. promtail是代理，负责收集日志并将其发送给 loki 。

3. Grafana用于 UI 展示。

从官网看，最简单的部署方式是：docker-compose部署

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/grafana/loki/v1.5.0/production/docker-compose.yaml -O docker-compose.yaml

docker-compose -f docker-compose.yaml up -d

#通过docker-compose ps查看docker容器运行情况

但是要部署至k3s集群就需要转化成yaml文件，以支持k8s的kubectl命令部署，这里需要用到工具：kompose

#下载包

curl -L https://github.com/kubernetes/kompose/releases/download/v1.16.0/kompose-linux-amd64 -o kompose

chmod +x kompose

#在docker-compose.yaml文件目录下执行

./kompose convert

#根据yaml文件自动生成3个组件的deployment，service的yaml文件，可直接kubectl apply/create -f ..部署

这里记录生成的3个服务yaml：

1. loki-deployment.yaml loki-service.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1

kind: Deployment

metadata:

annotations:

kompose.cmd: ./kompose convert

kompose.version: 1.16.0 (0c01309)

creationTimestamp: null

labels:

io.kompose.service: loki

spec:

replicas: 1

selector:

matchLabels:

io.kompose.service: loki

strategy: {}

template:

metadata:

creationTimestamp: null

labels:

io.kompose.service: loki

spec:

containers:

- args:

- -config.file=/etc/loki/local-config.yaml

image: grafana/loki:1.5.0

ports:

- containerPort: 3100

resources: {}

restartPolicy: Always

status: {}

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: Service

metadata:

annotations:

kompose.cmd: ./kompose convert

kompose.version: 1.16.0 (0c01309)

creationTimestamp: null

labels:

io.kompose.service: loki

spec:

ports:

- name: "3100"

port: 3100

targetPort: 3100

selector:

io.kompose.service: loki

status:

loadBalancer: {}

2. promtail服务：promtail-deployment.yaml，promtail-claim0-persistentvolumeclaim.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1

kind: Deployment

metadata:

annotations:

kompose.cmd: ./kompose convert

kompose.version: 1.16.0 (0c01309)

creationTimestamp: null

labels:

io.kompose.service: promtail

spec:

replicas: 1

selector:

matchLabels:

io.kompose.service: promtail

strategy:

type: Recreate

template:

metadata:

creationTimestamp: null

labels:

io.kompose.service: promtail

spec:

containers:

- args:

- -config.file=/etc/promtail/docker-config.yaml

image: grafana/promtail:1.5.0

resources: {}

volumeMounts:

- mountPath: /var/log

restartPolicy: Always

volumes:

- name: promtail-claim0

persistentVolumeClaim:

claimName: promtail-claim0

status: {}

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolumeClaim

metadata:

creationTimestamp: null

labels:

io.kompose.service: promtail-claim0

spec:

accessModes:

- ReadWriteOnce

resources:

requests:

storage: 100Mi

status: {}

3. grafana服务：grafana-deployment.yaml，grafana-service.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1

kind: Deployment

metadata:

annotations:

kompose.cmd: ./kompose convert

kompose.version: 1.16.0 (0c01309)

creationTimestamp: null

labels:

io.kompose.service: grafana

spec:

replicas: 1

selector:

matchLabels:

io.kompose.service: grafana

strategy: {}

template:

metadata:

creationTimestamp: null

labels:

io.kompose.service: grafana

spec:

containers:

- image: grafana/grafana:master

ports:

- containerPort: 3000

resources: {}

restartPolicy: Always

status: {}

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: Service

metadata:

annotations:

kompose.cmd: ./kompose convert

kompose.version: 1.16.0 (0c01309)

creationTimestamp: null

labels:

io.kompose.service: grafana

spec:

ports:

- name: "3000"

port: 3000

targetPort: 3000

nodePort: 30009

selector:

io.kompose.service: grafana

type: NodePort

status:

loadBalancer: {}

在k3s集群中，通过kubectl apply -f ..运行以上3个服务。

由于grafana-service配置的nodePort:30009，则通过http://masterip:30009即可访问grafana web，左侧的expore中添加loki存储库，配置url: http://loki:3100，即可。

然后就需要在应用deployment的yaml中配置对应的label，以便于loki的日志收集服务进行收集存储。