如何将Git仓库备份到本地？

目录

本节内容

• 常⽤的传输协议:哑协议和智能协议
• 演示1：使用哑协议、智能协议方式将仓库备份到本地
• 演示2：本地工作空间频繁变动，此时如何将仓库备份到本地远程仓库

1、常⽤的传输协议

🍀 哑协议与智能协议

**直观区别：**哑协议传输进度不可⻅；智能协议传输可⻅。

**传输速度：**智能协议⽐哑协议传输速度快。

🍀 备份特点

2、演示

演示1：使用哑协议、智能协议方式将仓库备份到本地

1️⃣ 本地创建一个备份目录

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit
$ mkdir 666-bakup

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit
$ cd 666-bakup/

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup
$ pwd
/c/Users/hg/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup

2️⃣ 接下来，我们将本地仓库git_learning通过哑协议方式进行备份

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning (temp)
$ pwd
/c/Users/hg/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning (temp)
$ cd ../666-bakup/

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup
$ git clone --bare /c/Users/hg/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning/.git ya.git
Cloning into bare repository 'ya.git'...
done.

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup

⚠️ 注意：–bare 不带工作区的裸仓库

3️⃣ 然后，我们将本地仓库git_learning通过智能协议方式进行备份

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup
$ pwd
/c/Users/hg/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup
$ git clone --bare file:///c/Users/hg/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning/.git zhineng.git
Cloning into bare repository 'zhineng.git'...
remote: Counting objects: 30, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (22/22), done.
remote: Total 30 (delta 7), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (30/30), 22.35 KiB | 673.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (7/7), done.

智能协议有进度条显示；并且，专家也说了，智能协议不仅仅对存储做了打包，也做了压缩；

测试结束。😘

演示2：本地工作空间频繁变动，此时如何将仓库备份到本地远程仓库

1️⃣ 查看下当前仓库的远程分支有哪些？

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning (temp)
$ pwd
/c/Users/hg/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning (temp)
$ git remote -v

发现，当前git仓库并没有一个远程仓库，因此，我们这里给新建一个远程仓库：

先查看下前面使用智能协议备份过来的仓库：

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup
$ pwd
/c/Users/hg/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup
$ ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 1 hg 197121 0 Apr  6 07:42 ya.git/
drwxr-xr-x 1 hg 197121 0 Apr  6 07:43 zhineng.git/

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup
$ cd zhineng.git/

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup/zhineng.git (BARE:temp)
$ pwd
/c/Users/hg/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup/zhineng.git #我们这里复制下刚才创建的那个智能仓库地址！
hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup/zhineng.git (BARE:temp)

新建一个远程仓库：

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning (temp)
$ git remote add zhineng file:///c/Users/hg/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup/zhineng.git

我们看下当前仓库和远程仓库的分支情况：

#1.远程仓库分支情况
$ pwd
/c/Users/hg/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup/zhineng.git

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup/zhineng.git (BARE:temp)
$ git branch  -av#发现这只有2个分支
  master 7b84beb Add the first command with config
* temp   30c1501 Add test


#2.本地仓库分支情况
#发现本地仓库分支也只有2个，因此，我们来创建一个新分支，来模拟测试环境：
$ pwd
/c/Users/hg/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning
hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning (temp)
$ git branch -av
  master 7b84beb Add the first command with config
* temp   30c1501 Add test

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning (temp)
#创建新分支suling
$ git checkout -b suling temp 
Switched to a new branch 'suling'

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning (suling)
$ git branch -av
  master 7b84beb Add the first command with config
* suling 30c1501 Add test
  temp   30c1501 Add test

2️⃣ 将本地仓库备份到远程仓库

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning (suling)
$ git remote -v
zhineng file:///c/Users/hg/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup/zhineng.git (fetch)
zhineng file:///c/Users/hg/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup/zhineng.git (push)

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning (suling)
$ git push zhineng
fatal: The current branch suling has no upstream branch.
To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use

    git push --set-upstream zhineng suling


hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning (suling)
$ git push --set-upstream zhineng suling
Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To file:///c/Users/hg/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup/zhineng.git
 * [new branch]      suling -> suling
Branch 'suling' set up to track remote branch 'suling' from 'zhineng'.

3️⃣ 验证

#1.查看远程仓库分支情况
hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup/zhineng.git (BARE:temp)
$ pwd
/c/Users/hg/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup/zhineng.git

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/666-bakup/zhineng.git (BARE:temp)
$ git branch  -av
  master 7b84beb Add the first command with config
  suling 30c1501 Add test
* temp   30c1501 Add test #发现本地仓库的suling分支已经被同步到远程仓库了

#2.查看本地仓库分支情况
hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning (suling)
$ pwd
/c/Users/hg/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning

hg@LAPTOP-G8TUFE0T MINGW64 ~/Desktop/it/01-SuGit/git_learning (suling)
$ git branch -av
  master                 7b84beb Add the first command with config
* suling                 30c1501 Add test
  temp                   30c1501 Add test
  remotes/zhineng/suling 30c1501 Add test

实验结束。😘

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