C++——bmp二值图像的击中击不中变换

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-10 21:40:43 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2023-08-10 21:40:43 发布 · 812 阅读

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C/C++

image processing

这篇博客介绍了如何在C++中进行二值图像的击中击不中变换，这是一种形态学形状检测方法。通过使用结构元素进行腐蚀操作，寻找像素局部模式。文章提供了具体的代码实现，并给出了示例。

本文在前文基础上完成以白色为前景的二值图像的击中击不中变换：

1、击中击不中变换

击中击不中变换是形态学形状检测的基本工具，是用来查找像素局部模式的形态学运算符。‘局部’是指‘结构元素’的大小。

两个不相交集合B={B1，B2}，称B为复合结构元素。则击中击不中变换为：

即：用B1去腐蚀X，然后用B2去腐蚀X的补集，得到的结果相减就是击中击不中变换。（B2是B1的补集）

代码如下：

#include <cstring>
#include <windows.h>
#include"readbmp.h"
#include"savebmp.h"
#include"img_erosion.h"




int main()
{
	int tembuf1[4][4] = { 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0 };
	int tembuf2[4][4];
	int TempH = 4;
	int TempW = 4;
	for (int i = 0; i < TempH; i++)
		for (int j = 0; j < TempW; j++)
			tembuf2[i][j] = 1 - tembuf1[i][j];

	char readPath[] = "D:\\C++_file\\image_deal_C++\\image_morphology\\photo\\lunpan.bmp";
	readBmp(readPath);
	unsigned char *pGrayData;
	//因为转换后多了个颜色表，所以要改变
	bfoffbits += (sizeof(RGBQUAD) * 256);
	//biSizeImg存储的为位图数据占用的字节数，转换为灰度图像后值发生改变，  
	//因为24为真彩色位图数据的一个像素用3各字节表示，灰度图像为1个字节  
	biBitCount = 8;
	int lineBytes = (bmpWidth * biBitCount / 8 + 3) / 4 * 4;
	int oldLineBytes = (bmpWidth * 24 / 8 + 3) / 4 * 4;;
	pGrayData = new unsigned char[lineBytes * bmpHeight];
	//memset(pGrayData, 0, bmpInfoHeader.biSizeImage);

	//-------------------------------定义灰度图像的颜色表--------------------//  

	pColorTable = new RGBQUAD[256];
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		(*(pColorTable + i)).rgbBlue = i;
		(*(pColorTable + i)).rgbGreen = i;
		(*(pColorTable + i)).rgbRed = i;
		(*(pColorTable + i)).rgbReserved = 0;
	}
	//--------------------------------将RGB转换为灰度值------------------------//  
	int red, green, blue;
	BYTE gray;
	//char gray_1;
	int threshold = 128;

	for (int i = 0; i < bmpHeight; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < bmpWidth; j++)
		{
			red = *(pBmpBuf + i*oldLineBytes + 3 * j + 2);
			green = *(pBmpBuf + i*oldLineBytes + 3 * j + 1);
			blue = *(pBmpBuf + i*oldLineBytes + 3 * j);
			gray = (BYTE)((77 * red + 151 * green + 28 * blue) >> 8);
			//gray_1 = red*0.299 + green*0.587 + blue*0.114;
			*(pGrayData + i*lineBytes + j) = gray;

			if (*(pGrayData + i*lineBytes + j)>threshold)
				*(pGrayData + i*lineBytes + j) = 0;
			else
				*(pGrayData + i*lineBytes + j) = 255;

		}

	}
	unsigned char *p_erosion1;
	p_erosion1 = img_erosion(pGrayData, bmpHeight, bmpWidth, biBitCount, *tembuf1, TempH, TempW);
	
	for (int i = 0; i<bmpHeight; i++)//取反
	{
		for (int j = 0; j<bmpWidth; j++)
		{
			*(pGrayData + i*lineBytes + j) = 255 - *(pGrayData + i*lineBytes + j);
		}
	}
	unsigned char *p_erosion2;
	p_erosion2 = img_erosion(pGrayData, bmpHeight, bmpWidth, biBitCount, *tembuf2, TempH, TempW);


	unsigned char *p_hitmiss;
	p_hitmiss = new unsigned char[lineBytes * bmpHeight];
	for (int i = 0; i<bmpHeight; i++)//求交集
	{
		for (int j = 0; j<bmpWidth; j++)
		{
			if ((*(p_erosion1 + i*lineBytes + j) == 0) &&( *(p_erosion2 + i*lineBytes + j) == 0))
				*(p_hitmiss + i*lineBytes + j) = 0;
			else
				*(p_hitmiss + i*lineBytes + j) =255;

		}
	}

	
	char writePath[] = "D:\\C++_file\\image_deal_C++\\image_morphology\\photo\\hit_miss.bmp";
	saveBmp(writePath, p_hitmiss, bmpWidth, bmpHeight, biBitCount, pColorTable);
	printf("击中击不中运算完成，请查看bmp文件。\n\n");
	delete[] p_hitmiss;
	delete[] p_erosion1;
	delete[] p_erosion2;
	return 0;
}

其中，img_erosion.h为将前文的腐蚀代码改写为子程序。

示例如下：