CentOS7.x /home目录扩容操作

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本文介绍了在Linux环境中，如何对服务器进行磁盘扩容的详细步骤，包括手动刷新scsi、创建分区、扩展物理卷(PV)、扩容卷组(VG)、扩展逻辑卷(LV)以及扩容文件系统。主要涉及的命令有`parted`、`pvcreate`、`vgextend`、`lvextend`和`xfs_growfs`。

前言

笔者在7月10日对项目服务器进行日常巡检时发现，有一台服务器/HOME目录不足10G空间。之前有做过清理这次登录后台查看需要清理的日志文件比较小，故向云中心同事申请对该服务器进行进行磁盘扩容，记录此事件以便以后碰到同类问题帮助到大家伙。我们云中心服务器都是esxi虚拟化的虚拟机，后台添加完容量登录服务器还是看不到扩容的那块磁盘，需要对服务器进行以下操作。

一、手动刷新scsi

# cd /sys/class/scsi_host/
 
# ls
 
host0  host1  host2
 
#  echo "- - -" > host0/scan
 
# fdisk -l没有就继续重复
 
#  echo "- - -" > host1/scan
 
# fdisk -l
 
#  echo "- - -" > host2/scan

通常刷一次执行然后执行fdisk -l 就能出来，就可以进行其他操作。

二、home目录扩容操作：

[root@inzoo-collect-02 ~]# lsblk 
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0  100G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0   99G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0  3.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home 253:2    0 45.1G  0 lvm  /home
sdb               8:16   0  200G  0 disk /data
sdc               8:32   0  200G  0 disk 
sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

2.1、给新磁盘创建分区

执行下面命令可以将sdc转换为gpt格式，然后创建一个分区并占用所有空间

[root@inzoo-collect-02 ~]# parted -s /dev/sdc mklabel gpt
[root@inzoo-collect-02 ~]# parted -s /dev/sdc mkpart logic 0% 100%
[root@inzoo-collect-02 ~]# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 99G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 3.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 45.1G 0 lvm /home
sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk /data
sdc 8:32 0 200G 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 0 200G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom

2.2、创建物理卷（PV）

[root@inzoo-collect-02 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
 查看PV
 可以看见针对/dev/sdc1的PV已经创建成功，且系统跟目录所属PV是/dev/sda2, VG是centos
[root@inzoo-collect-02 ~]# pvdisplay

— Physical volume —
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <99.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25343
Free PE 1
Allocated PE 25342
PV UUID V2TSDh-rf4c-deBg-r8JR-eFG0-uXxu-UOqpZl

“/dev/sdc1” is a new physical volume of “<200.00 GiB”
— NEW Physical volume —
PV Name /dev/sdc1
VG Name
PV Size <200.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID Ew51kK-9K3w-DAo3-DjO5-SNFn-XHNe-1eIYZ6

3.3、扩容卷组（VG）

将新的PV（/dev/sdc1）添加到当前根目录所属VG（centos）中

[root@inzoo-collect-02 ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sdc1
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended
查看：可以看到新增的PV（/dev/sbc1）的VG已被改成centos
[root@inzoo-collect-02 ~]# pvdisplay 

 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <99.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25343
  Free PE               1
  Allocated PE          25342
  PV UUID               V2TSDh-rf4c-deBg-r8JR-eFG0-uXxu-UOqpZl
   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdc1
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <200.00 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              51199
  Free PE               51199
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               Ew51kK-9K3w-DAo3-DjO5-SNFn-XHNe-1eIYZ6

3.4、扩展逻辑卷（LV）

查看当前LV：可以看到当前卷组VG（centos）中存在两个逻辑卷LV（swap、root）其中swap作为虚拟内存使用，/home是我们本次需要扩容的系统根目录所在的逻辑卷

[root@inzoo-collect-02 ~]# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                2nw2pS-Rsml-QNDO-04oe-zxN0-IIli-eXd6qw
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2018-10-17 11:35:02 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                <3.88 GiB
  Current LE             992
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/home
  LV Name                home
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                6zXXtj-2RDq-Io3r-CskC-fHwK-KdJo-CzXYdP
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2018-10-17 11:35:02 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <45.12 GiB
  Current LE             11550
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:2
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                UdmQSA-2Fuf-Hmuk-disF-YVLE-yyUV-wf4s4N
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2018-10-17 11:35:03 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                50.00 GiB
  Current LE             12800
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0

3.5、扩展逻辑卷

由于前面操作已经将新的磁盘空间分区并划分给了我们系统所在的卷组VG（centos）所以现在需要对该卷组的可用容量进行分配，以下命令将centos卷组的所有剩余空间分配给逻辑卷/home

[root@inzoo-collect-02 ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/home
  Size of logical volume centos/home changed from <45.12 GiB (11550 extents) to <245.12 GiB (62750 extents).
  Logical volume centos/home successfully resized.

3.6、扩容文件系统

最后再对文件系统进行扩容即可完成

[root@inzoo-collect-02 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/home 
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-home isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=2956800 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=11827200, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=5775, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 11827200 to 64256000

3.7、结果验证

可用看到/home目录已经增加200G容量

[root@inzoo-collect-02 ~]# df -HT
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  8.4G     0  8.4G   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     8.5G     0  8.5G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     8.5G  845M  7.6G  11% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     8.5G     0  8.5G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        54G   23G   31G  43% /
/dev/sdb                ext4      212G   23G  178G  12% /data
/dev/mapper/centos-home xfs       264G   42G  222G  16% /home
/dev/sda1               xfs       1.1G  200M  865M  19% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1.7G     0  1.7G   0% /run/user/0
overlay                 overlay    54G   23G   31G  43% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/ab779122545f7fcfe8ad64de741ed0f942e14833f3977980f82192185aa45c67/merged
overlay                 overlay    54G   23G   31G  43% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/4c3ef7b7b688652a23ada550d9b070b1a16351d017c2c084c204348f0810af2d/merged
overlay                 overlay    54G   23G   31G  43% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/8b8c08744ca72829daf9500fb355514e9f3e519aa9eb1dfd780e3f18ffee2078/merged