Linux内核通知链(notifier chain)

1、概述

Linux内核中各个子系统相互依赖，当其中某个子系统状态发生改变时，就必须使用一定的机制告知使用其服务的其他子系统，以便其他子系统采取相应的措施。为满足这样的需求，内核实现了事件通知链机制（notification chain）。
通知链只能用在各个子系统之间，而不能在内核和用户空间进行事件的通知。组成内核的核心系统代码均位于kernel目录下，通知链表位于kernel/notifier.c中，对应的头文件为include/linux/notifier.h。
事件通知链表是一个事件处理函数的列表，每个通知链都与某个或某些事件有关，当特定的事件发生时，就调用相应的事件通知链中的回调函数，进行相应的处理。

2、通知链核心代码

通知链的核心结构体为：

// include\linux\notifier.h
struct notifier_block {
   
   
	notifier_fn_t notifier_call;
	struct notifier_block __rcu *next;
	int priority;
};

// kernel\notifier.c

/*
 *	Notifier chain core routines.  The exported routines below
 *	are layered on top of these, with appropriate locking added.
 */

static int notifier_chain_register(struct notifier_block **nl,
		struct notifier_block *n)
{
   
   
	while ((*nl) != NULL) {
   
   
		if (n->priority > (*nl)->priority)
			break;
		nl = &((*nl)->next);
	}
	n->next = *nl;
	rcu_assign_pointer(*nl, n);
	return 0;
}

static int notifier_chain_cond_register(struct notifier_block **nl,
		struct notifier_block *n)
{
   
   
	while ((*nl) != NULL) {
   
   
		if ((*nl) == n)
			return 0;
		if (n->priority > (*nl)->priority)
			break;
		nl = &((*nl)->next);
	}
	n->next = *nl;
	rcu_assign_pointer(*nl, n);
	return 0;
}

static int notifier_chain_unregister(struct notifier_block **nl,
		struct notifier_block *n)
{
   
   
	while ((*nl) != NULL) {
   
   
		if ((*nl) == n) {
   
   
			rcu_assign_pointer(*nl, n->next);
			return 0;
		}
		nl = &((*nl)->next);
	}
	return -ENOENT;
}

/**
 * notifier_call_chain - Informs the registered notifiers about an event.
 *	@nl:		Pointer to head of the blocking notifier chain
 *	@val:		Value passed unmodified to notifier function
 *	@v:		Pointer passed unmodified to notifier function
 *	@nr_to_call:	Number of notifier functions to be called. Don't care
 *			value of this parameter is -1.
 *	@nr_calls:	Records the number of notifications sent. Don't care
 *			value of this field is NULL.
 *	@returns:	notifier_call_chain returns the value returned by the
 *			last notifier function called.
 */
static int notifier_call_chain(struct notifier_block **nl,
			       unsigned long val, void *v,
			       int nr_to_call, int *nr_calls)
{
   
   
	int ret = NOTIFY_DONE;
	struct notifier_block *nb, *next_nb;

	nb = rcu_dereference_raw(*nl);

	while (nb && nr_to_call) {
   
   
		next_nb = rcu_dereference_raw(nb->next);

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_NOTIFIERS
		if (unlikely(!func_ptr_is_kernel_text(nb->notifier_call))) {
   
   
			WARN(1, "Invalid notifier called!");
			nb = next_nb;
			continue;
		}
#endif
		ret = nb->notifier_call(nb, val, v);

		if (