C++ Primer Plus第六版编程题（第15章）

题目

1.对Tv和Remote类做如下修改：

a. 让它们互为友元；

b. 在Remote类中添加一个状态变量成员，该成员描述遥控器是处于常规模式还是互动模式；

c. 在Remote中添加一个显示模式的方法；

d. 在Tv类中添加一个对Remote中新成员进行切换的方法，该方法应仅当TV处于打开状态时才能运行。

编写一个小程序来测试这些新特性。

2.修改程序清单15.11，使两种异常类型都是从头文件提供的logic_error类派生出来的类。让每个what()方法都报告函数名和问题的性质。异常对象不用存储错误的参数值，而只需支持what()方法。

3.这个练习与编程练习2相同，但异常类是从一个这样的基类派生而来的：它是从logic_error派生而来的，并存储两个参数值。异常类应该有一个这样的方法：报告这些值以及函数名。程序使用一个catch块来捕获基类异常，其中任何一种从该基类异常派生而来的异常都将导致循环结束。

4.程序清单15.16在每个try后面都使用两个catch块，以确保nbad_index异常导致方法label_val()被调用。请修改该程序，在每个try块后面只使用一个catch块，并使用RTTI来确保合适时调用label_val()。

程序

// tv.h -- Tv and Remote classes
#ifndef TV_H_
#define TV_H_
class Remote;

class Tv
{
public:
    friend class Remote;   // Remote can access Tv private parts
    enum {Off, On};
    enum {MinVal,MaxVal = 20};
    enum {Antenna, Cable};
    enum {TV, DVD};

    Tv(int s = Off, int mc = 125) : state(s), volume(5),
        maxchannel(mc), channel(2), mode(Cable), input(TV) {}
    void onoff() {state = (state == On)? Off : On;}
    bool ison() const {return state == On;}
    bool volup();
    bool voldown();
    void chanup();
    void chandown();
    void set_mode() {mode = (mode == Antenna)? Cable : Antenna;}
    void set_input() {input = (input == TV)? DVD : TV;}
    void settings() const; // display all settings
    void change_r_mode(Remote & r);
private:
    int state;             // on or off
    int volume;            // assumed to be digitized
    int maxchannel;        // maximum number of channels
    int channel;           // current channel setting
    int mode;              // broadcast or cable
    int input;             // TV or DVD
};

class Remote
{
private:
    int mode;              // controls TV or DVD
    int r_mode;
public:
	friend class Tv;
	enum {Regular,Interact};
    Remote(int m = Tv::TV,int r=Regular) : mode(m),r_mode(r) {}
    bool volup(Tv & t) { return t.volup();}
    bool voldown(Tv & t) { return t.voldown();}
    void onoff(Tv & t) { t.onoff(); }
    void chanup(Tv & t) {t.chanup();}
    void chandown(Tv & t) {t.chandown();}
    void set_chan(Tv & t, int c) {t.channel = c;}
    void set_mode(Tv & t) {t.set_mode();}
    void set_input(Tv & t) {t.set_input();}
    void show_r_mode() const{std::cout<<"The remote is "<<(r_mode==Regular?"Regular":"Interact")<<".\n";}
};

inline void Tv::change_r_mode(Remote & r)
{
	if(ison())
		r.r_mode=(r.r_mode==Remote::Regular)?Remote::Interact:Remote::Regular;
	else
		std::cout<<"The tv is off,please turn it in first.\n";
	r.show_r_mode();
}
#endif

// tv.cpp -- methods for the Tv class (Remote methods are inline)
#include <iostream>
#include "tv.h"

bool Tv::volup()
{
    if (volume < MaxVal)
    {
        volume++;
        return true;
    }
    else
        return false;
}
bool Tv::voldown()
{
    if (volume > MinVal)
    {
        volume--;
        return true;
    }
    else
        return false;
}

void Tv::chanup()
{
    if (channel < maxchannel)
        channel++;
    else
        channel = 1;
}

void Tv::chandown()
{
    if (channel > 1)
        channel--;
    else
        channel = maxchannel;
}

void Tv::settings() const
{
    using std::cout;
    using std::endl;
    cout << "TV is " << (state == Off? "Off" : "On") << endl;
    if (state == On)
    {
        cout << "Volume setting = " << volume << endl;
        cout << "Channel setting = " << channel << endl;
        cout << "Mode = "
            << (mode == Antenna? "antenna" : "cable") << endl;
        cout << "Input = "
            << (input == TV? "TV" : "DVD") << endl;
    }
}

//use_tv.cpp -- using the Tv and Remote classes
#include <iostream>
#include "tv.h"

int main()
{
    using std::cout;
    Tv s42;
    Remote grey;
    cout << "Initial settings for 42\" TV:\n";
    s42.settings();
    s42.onoff();
    s42.chanup();
    grey.show_r_mode();
    s42.change_r_mode(grey);
    //grey.show_r_mode();
    cout << "\nAdjusted settings for 42\" TV:\n";
    s42.settings();

    s42.change_r_mode(grey);

    grey.set_chan(s42, 10);
    grey.volup(s42);
    grey.volup(s42);
    cout << "\n42\" settings after using remote:\n";
    s42.settings();
    
    s42.change_r_mode(grey);

    Tv s58(Tv::On);
    s58.set_mode();
    grey.set_chan(s58,28);
    cout << "\n58\" settings:\n";
    s58.settings();
    grey.show_r_mode();
    s58.change_r_mode(grey);
    // std::cin.get();
    return 0; 
}

// exc_mean.h  -- exception classes for hmean(), gmean()
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class bad_hmean:public logic_error
{
private:
    string name;
public:
    explicit bad_hmean(const string &n="hmean", const string &s = "Error in hmean()\n") : name(n),logic_error(s){}
    string mesg() {return "hmean() invalid arguments: a=-b.\n";}
    virtual ~bad_hmean() throw(){}
};

class bad_gmean:public logic_error
{
private:
    string name;
public:
    explicit bad_gmean(const string &n="gmean", const string &s = "Error in gmean()\n") : name(n),logic_error(s){}
    string mesg(){return "gmean() arguments should be >= 0\n";}
    virtual ~bad_gmean() throw(){}
};

//main.cpp 
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath> // or math.h, unix users may need -lm flag
#include "exc_mean.h"
// function prototypes
double hmean(double a, double b);
double gmean(double a, double b);
int main()
{
    using std::cout;
    using std::cin;
    using std::endl;
    
    double x, y, z;

    cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
    while (cin >> x >> y)
    {
        try {                  // start of try block
            z = hmean(x,y);
            cout << "Harmonic mean of " << x << " and " << y
                << " is " << z << endl;
            cout << "Geometric mean of " << x << " and " << y
                << " is " << gmean(x,y) << endl;
            cout << "Enter next set of numbers <q to quit>: ";
        }// end of try block
        catch (bad_hmean & bg)    // start of catch block
        {
            cout<<bg.what();
            cout<<"Error message:\n"<<bg.mesg()<<endl;
            cout << "Try again.\n";
            cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
            continue;
        }                  
        catch (bad_gmean & hg) 
        {
            cout << hg.what();
            cout<<"Error message:\n"<<hg.mesg();
            cout << "Sorry, you don't get to play any more.\n";
            break;
        } // end of catch block
    }
    cout << "Bye!\n";
    // cin.get();
    // cin.get();
    return 0;
}

double hmean(double a, double b)
{
    if (a == -b)
        throw bad_hmean();
    return 2.0 * a * b / (a + b);
}

double gmean(double a, double b)
{
    if (a < 0 || b < 0)
        throw bad_gmean();
    return std::sqrt(a * b); 
}

// exc_mean0.h  -- exception classes for hmean(), gmean()
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class bad:public logic_error
{
public:
	double v1;
	double v2;
	string name;
	explicit bad(double a=0,double b=0,const string &n="hmean", const string &s = "Error in hmean()\n")
			:v1(a),v2(b),name(n),logic_error(s){}
	void mesg();
	virtual ~bad() throw(){}
};

class bad_hmean:public bad
{
public:
    explicit bad_hmean(double a=0,double b=0,const string &n="hmean", const string &s = "Error in hmean()\n") 
			: bad(a,b,n,s){}
    void mesg() {cout<<"hmean( "<<v1<<" , "<<v2<<" ): "<<"invalid arguments: a = -b.\n";}
    virtual ~bad_hmean() throw(){}
};

class bad_gmean:public bad
{
private:
    string name;
public:
    explicit bad_gmean(double a=0,double b=0,const string &n="gmean", const string &s = "Error in gmean()\n") 
			: bad(a,b,n,s){}
    string mesg(){return "gmean() arguments should be >= 0\n";}
    virtual ~bad_gmean() throw(){}
};

//main.cpp 
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath> // or math.h, unix users may need -lm flag
#include "exc_mean0.h"
// function prototypes
double hmean(double a, double b);
double gmean(double a, double b);
int main()
{
    using std::cout;
    using std::cin;
    using std::endl;
    
    double x, y, z;

    cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
    while (cin >> x >> y)
    {
        try {                  // start of try block
            z = hmean(x,y);
            cout << "Harmonic mean of " << x << " and " << y
                << " is " << z << endl;
            cout << "Geometric mean of " << x << " and " << y
                << " is " << gmean(x,y) << endl;
            cout << "Enter next set of numbers <q to quit>: ";
        }// end of try block
        catch (bad_hmean & bg)    // start of catch block
        {
            cout<<bg.what();
            cout<<"Error message:\n";
            bg.mesg();
            cout << "Sorry, you don't get to play any more.\n";
            break;
        }                  
        catch (bad_gmean & hg) 
        {
            cout << hg.what();
            cout<<"Error message:\n"<<hg.mesg();
            cout<<"Values used: "<<hg.v1<<" , "<<hg.v2<<endl;
            cout << "Sorry, you don't get to play any more.\n";
            break;
        } // end of catch block
    }
    cout << "Bye!\n";
    // cin.get();
    // cin.get();
    return 0;
}

double hmean(double a, double b)
{
    if (a == -b)
        throw bad_hmean(a,b);
    return 2.0 * a * b / (a + b);
}

double gmean(double a, double b)
{
    if (a < 0 || b < 0)
        throw bad_gmean(a,b);
    return std::sqrt(a * b); 
}

// sales.h  -- 不需修改 
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>

class Sales
{
public:
    enum {MONTHS = 12};   // could be a static const
    class bad_index : public std::logic_error
    {
    private:
        int bi;  // bad index value
    public:
        explicit bad_index(int ix,
            const std::string & s = "Index error in Sales object\n");
        int bi_val() const {return bi;}
        virtual ~bad_index() throw() {}
    };
    explicit Sales(int yy = 0);
    Sales(int yy, const double * gr, int n);
    virtual ~Sales() { }
    int Year() const { return year; }
    virtual double operator[](int i) const;
    virtual double & operator[](int i);
private:
    double gross[MONTHS];
    int year;
};

class LabeledSales : public Sales
{
  public:
    class nbad_index : public Sales::bad_index
    {
    private:
        std::string lbl;
    public:
        nbad_index(const std::string & lb, int ix,
           const std::string & s = "Index error in LabeledSales object\n");
        const std::string & label_val() const {return lbl;}
        virtual ~nbad_index() throw() {}
     };
    explicit LabeledSales(const std::string & lb = "none", int yy = 0);
    LabeledSales(const std::string & lb, int yy, const double * gr, int n);
    virtual ~LabeledSales() { }
    const std::string & Label() const {return label;}
    virtual double operator[](int i) const;
    virtual double & operator[](int i);
private:
    std::string label;
};

// sales.cpp -- 不需修改 
#include "sales.h"
using std::string;

Sales::bad_index::bad_index(int ix, const string & s )
    : std::logic_error(s), bi(ix)
{
}

Sales::Sales(int yy)
{
    year = yy;
    for (int i = 0; i < MONTHS; ++i)
        gross[i] = 0;
}

Sales::Sales(int yy, const double * gr, int n)
{
    year = yy;
    int lim = (n < MONTHS)? n : MONTHS;
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < lim; ++i)
        gross[i] = gr[i];
    // for i > n and i < MONTHS
    for ( ; i < MONTHS; ++i)
        gross[i] = 0;
}

double Sales::operator[](int i) const
{
    if(i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
        throw bad_index(i);
    return gross[i];
}

double & Sales::operator[](int i)
{
    if(i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
        throw bad_index(i);
    return gross[i];
}

LabeledSales::nbad_index::nbad_index(const string & lb, int ix,
           const string & s ) : Sales::bad_index(ix, s)
{
    lbl = lb;
}

LabeledSales::LabeledSales(const string & lb, int yy)
         : Sales(yy)
{
    label = lb;
}

LabeledSales::LabeledSales(const string & lb, int yy, const double * gr, int n)
        : Sales(yy, gr, n)
{
    label = lb;
}

double LabeledSales::operator[](int i) const
{    if(i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
        throw nbad_index(Label(), i);
    return Sales::operator[](i);
}

double & LabeledSales::operator[](int i)
{
    if(i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
        throw nbad_index(Label(), i);
    return Sales::operator[](i);
}

// use_sales.cpp  -- nested exceptions
#include <iostream>
#include "sales.h"

int main()
{
    using namespace std;

    double vals1[12] =
    {
        1220, 1100, 1122, 2212, 1232, 2334,
        2884, 2393, 3302, 2922, 3002, 3544
    };

    double vals2[12] =
    {
        12, 11, 22, 21, 32, 34,
        28, 29, 33, 29, 32, 35
    };

    Sales sales1(2011, vals1, 12);
    LabeledSales sales2("Blogstar",2012, vals2, 12 );
    LabeledSales::nbad_index * nb;
    Sales::bad_index * b;

    cout << "First try block:\n";
    try
    {
        int i;
        cout << "Year = " << sales1.Year() << endl;
        for (i = 0; i < 12; ++i)
        {

            cout << sales1[i] << ' ';
            if (i % 6 == 5)
                cout << endl;
        }
        cout << "Year = " << sales2.Year() << endl;
        cout << "Label = " << sales2.Label() << endl;
        for (i = 0; i <= 12; ++i)
        {

            cout << sales2[i] << ' ';
            if (i % 6 == 5)
                cout << endl;
        }
        cout << "End of try block 1.\n";
   }
   catch(logic_error & bad)
   {
        cout << bad.what();
        if(nb=dynamic_cast<LabeledSales::nbad_index *>(&bad))
        {
        	cout << "Company: " << nb->label_val() << endl;
        	cout << "bad index: " << nb->bi_val() << endl;
		}
		else if(b=dynamic_cast<Sales::bad_index *>(&bad))  
			cout << "bad index: " << b->bi_val() << endl;  
   }
   cout << "\nNext try block:\n";
   try
    {
        sales2[2] = 37.5;
        sales1[20] = 23345;
        cout << "End of try block 2.\n";
   }
   catch(logic_error & bad)
   {
        cout << bad.what();
        if(nb=dynamic_cast<LabeledSales::nbad_index *>(&bad))
        {
        	cout << "Company: " << nb->label_val() << endl;
        	cout << "bad index: " << nb->bi_val() << endl;
		}
		else if(b=dynamic_cast<Sales::bad_index *>(&bad))  
			cout << "bad index: " << b->bi_val() << endl;  
   }
   cout << "done\n";
   // std::cin.get();
   return 0;
}