mysql 透明网关配置

一、Oracle数据库通过透明网关访问MySQL数据库环境说明
RHEL6.6  oracle 11.2.0.4
RHEL6.6 MySQL5.7
odbc

二、数据访问流程
oracle——dg4odbc——odbc——mysql

三、Oracle透明网关（MySQL）安装
oracle 11.2.0.4默认安装了odbc透明网关
--验证：
[oracle@test ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/hs
[oracle@test hs]$ dg4odbc
Oracle Corporation --- FRIDAY    APR 27 2018 10:07:44.375

Heterogeneous Agent Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production  Built with
   Oracle Database Gateway for ODBC
##database gateway for odbc  简称   dg4odbc 

四、mysql-connector安装
下载：
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/odbc/
https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/Connector-ODBC/8.0/mysql-connector-odbc-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

--安装：
[root@test ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-connector-odbc-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-connector-odbc-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-connector-odbc   ########################################### [100%]
Success: Usage count is 1
Success: Usage count is 1

--依赖包安装：
yum install unixODBC*

rpm -qa |grep unixODBC
unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-14.el6.x86_64
unixODBC-2.2.14-14.el6.x86_64

五、ODBC配置
[root@test ~]# vi /etc/odbc.ini 
[mysql_test]
Description     = ODBC for MySQL
Driver          = /usr/lib64/libmyodbc8w.so
Server          = 192.168.46.211
Port            = 3306
User            = dbtest
Password        = abcd1234
Database        = test

六、MySQL数据库创建账号、授权并测试连通性

账号创建：
(root:localhost:Fri Apr 27 10:16:11 2018)[(none)]> create database test;
(root:localhost:Fri Apr 27 10:16:22 2018)[(none)]> grant all on test.* to dbtest@'%' identified by 'abcd1234';
(root:localhost:Fri Apr 27 10:16:40 2018)[(none)]> flush privileges;

连通性测试：
[root@test ~]# isql mysql_test    
+---------------------------------------+
| Connected!                            |
|                                       |
| sql-statement                         |
| help [tablename]                      |
| quit                                  |
|                                       |
+---------------------------------------+

七、Oracle数据库相关配置
（1）hs透明网关配置
[oracle@test ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/hs/admin
[oracle@test admin]$ vi initmysql_test.ora
##HS Configuration
HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO = mysql_test
HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL = debug
HS_FDS_SHAREABLE_NAME = /usr/lib64/libodbc.so
HS_FDS_SUPPORT_STATISTICS=FALSE
HS_LANGUAGE=AMERICAN_AMERICA.zhs16gbk

#HS_LANGUAGE = AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8
#HS_NLS_NCHAR = UCS2

##ODBC Configuration
set ODBCINI=/etc/odbc.ini

##这里配置的是数据库实例名、odbc lib包，oracle数据库字符集、odbc配置文件路径

（2）监听配置
[oracle@test admin]$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/network/admin/listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
  (SID_DESC=
  (SID_NAME=mysql_test)
  (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4)
  (PROGRAM=dg4odbc)
  )
)

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.1.1)(PORT = 1521))
    )
)

--重启监听
lsnrctl stop 
lsnrctl start

（3）tnsname配置
[oracle@test admin]$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

dbsid_mysql =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.1.1 )(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = mysql_test)
    )
   (HS = OK)
  )

测试tnsname连接 
[oracle@test admin]$ tnsping dbsid_mysql

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 27-APR-2018 12:17:58

Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.1.1)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = mysql_test)) (HS = OK))
OK (0 msec)

八、dblink创建以及数据访问测试

SQL> create  PUBLIC DATABASE LINK dlk connect to "dbtest" identified by "abcd1234" using 'dbsid_mysql';

SQL> select * from "t1"@dlk;

        id
----------
        10
        11
       
SQL> insert into "t1"@dlk values(30);

1 row created.

九、错误信息以及处理方法
（1）错误01
错误信息：
SQL> select * from t1@dlk;
select * from t1@dlk
                 *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-28500: connection from ORACLE to a non-Oracle system returned this message:
ORA-02063: preceding line from DLK
错误原因以及处理方法：hs/admin/init[sid].ora里配置的 HS_FDS_SHAREABLE_NAME = /usr/lib64/libodbc.so不正确，应该是odbc的Lib包

（2）错误02
错误信息：
SQL> select * from "t1"@dlk;
select * from "t1"@dlk
                   *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-28500: connection from ORACLE to a non-Oracle system returned this message:
[
错误原因以及处理方法：hs/admin/init[sid].ora里配置的HS_LANGUAGE=AMERICAN_AMERICA.zhs16gbk字符集不正确，应该是oracle数据库字符集

（3）错误03：
错误信息：

SQL> select * from t1@dlk;
select * from t1@dlk
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
[MySQL][ODBC 8.0(w) Driver][mysqld-5.7.18-log]Table 'test.T1' doesn't exist
{42S02,NativeErr = 1146}
ORA-02063: preceding 2 lines from DLK

错误原因以及处理方法：执行的查询操作，表名需要带双引号，因为mysql默认表名是区分大小写，而oracle是不区分大小写的 select * from "t1"@dlk;   '