Makefile中origin函数

0x01 origin函数

origin函数并不操作变量的值，它告诉我们一些关于变量的信息，尤其是变量是从哪里来的。

origin语法格式：

$(origin variable)

0x02 测试origin

测试用的mk文件: hello.mk

$(info case1: environment)
var = LANG
var1 = $(origin $(var))
$(info $(var) is $($(var)))
$(info $(var) origins from "$(var1)")

$(info case2: command line or file)
MYVAR = "value_from_file"
var2 = $(origin MYVAR)
$(info MYVAR is $(MYVAR))
$(info MYVAR origins from "$(var2)")
ifeq "$(origin MYVAR)" "command line"
    FLAG_COMMAND_LINE = 1 
else
    FLAG_COMMAND_LINE = 0 
endif

$(info case3: file)
var3 = local var 
$(info var3 is $(var3))
$(info var3 origins from "$(origin var3)")

$(info case4: undefined)
$(info novar origins from "$(origin novar)")

$(info case5: default)
$(info CC origins from "$(origin CC)")

$(info case6: override)
override myvar2 = "value from file"
$(info myvar2 is $(myvar2))
$(info myvar2 origins from $(origin myvar2))

$(info case7: file)
CC = gcc 
$(info CC origins from "$(origin CC)")

.PHONY: sayhello

sayhello:
    @echo 'hello'

执行hello.mk

• 不带参数make -f hello.mk

$ make -f hello.mk 
case1: environment
LANG is zh_CN.UTF-8
LANG origins from "environment"

case2: command line or file
MYVAR is "value_from_file"
MYVAR origins from "file"

case3: file
var3 is local var
var3 origins from "file"

case4: undefined
novar origins from "undefined"

case5: default
CC origins from "default"

case6: override
myvar2 is "value from file"
myvar2 origins from override

case7: file
CC origins from "file"

hello

• 带参数

make -f hello.mk MYVAR="value_from_command_line" myvar2="value from command line"

增加了2个参数：MYVAR=”value_from_command_line” myvar2=”value from command line”，这两个参数在hello.mk中也定义了。

$ make -f hello.mk MYVAR="value_from_command_line" myvar2="value from command line"
case1: environment
LANG is zh_CN.UTF-8
LANG origins from "environment"

case2: command line or file
MYVAR is value_from_command_line
MYVAR origins from "command line"

case3: file
var3 is local var
var3 origins from "file"

case4: undefined
novar origins from "undefined"

case5: default
CC origins from "default"

case6: override
myvar2 is "value from file"
myvar2 origins from override

case7: file
CC origins from "file"

hello

0x03 结论

1. LANG是环境变量（environment），所有printenv打印出来的变量，origin该变量，应该都是environment。

2. 对于普通的变量MYVAR，其origin为file；但是，如果在命令行指定了同样的变量（make -f hello.mk MYVAR="value_from_command_line")，则其origin为command line，MYVAR的值也会被命令行中的参数取代。可见，命令行参数的优先级大于本地变量。但是也有办法阻止命令行参数覆盖局部变量，即采用override。

3. 变量myvar2是override类型的，其origin为override。可以看到，即使在命令行指定了myvar2（make -f hello.mk myvar2="value from command line"），也不会覆盖hello.mk中的myvar2的值。

4. 未定义的变量novar，其origin为undefined。

5. make中预置的隐含变量（例如 CC），其origin为default。如果在mk文件中对CC进行重新赋值，则其origin为file，与普通本地变量一样。

0x04 参考

https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html#Origin-Function