在开发中我们经常会遇到在子线程中更新ui的操作,那我们今天就介绍下几种常用的方式
1.使用 runOnUiThread方法更新ui
2.view.post 方法
3.view.postDelaged 方法
4.handler.send...方法更新ui
1.使用 runOnUiThread方法更新ui
这个方法在Activity 中 ,所以只有在他的子类或者拿到他实例时才能使用
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
}
});
我们看下runOnUiThread方法的源码
public final void runOnUiThread(Runnable action) {
if (Thread.currentThread() != mUiThread) {
mHandler.post(action);
} else {
action.run();
}
}
这里有个判断,如果是当前的ui线程那么就直接执行runnable 的run方法开始更新ui,如果不是就用handler发送posp 消息,我们先看下mHandler是咋回事,通过activity源码发现它本身new了一个mHandler 就是我们刚才使用的handrler,如果你了解过handrler 源码你就知道,handrler是会去绑定一个Looper,android应用在启动的时候就创建了looper 并且开始轮询,具体看ActiityThead main方法
public static void main(String[] args) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "ActivityThreadMain");
SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();
// CloseGuard defaults to true and can be quite spammy. We
// disable it here, but selectively enable it later (via
// StrictMode) on debug builds, but using DropBox, not logs.
CloseGuard.setEnabled(false);
Environment.initForCurrentUser();
// Set the reporter for event logging in libcore
EventLogger.setReporter(new EventLoggingReporter());
// Make sure TrustedCertificateStore looks in the right place for CA certificates
final File configDir = Environment.getUserConfigDirectory(UserHandle.myUserId());
TrustedCertificateStore.setDefaultUserDirectory(configDir);
Process.setArgV0("<pre-initialized>");
//获取主线程的looper对象
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
//开启主线程
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false);
if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
}
if (false) {
Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
}
// End of event ActivityThreadMain.
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
//开始消息轮训
Looper.loop();
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}
到这里我们知道主线程已将存在, looper已经创建完毕,并开始轮询消息。现在处于主线程中handler绑定主线程中的looper。了解完这些,我们心中大概有个概念了。那继续看下post方法
public final boolean post(Runnable r)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0);
}
private static Message getPostMessage(Runnable r) {
Message m = Message.obtain();
m.callback = r;
return m;
}
看到传进来的Runnable 方法赋值给了 一条消息的callback 接口,然后调用sendMessagDelayed方法,这个方法我们应该比较熟悉了,不就是我们平时使用handler发送消息时调用的方法么。这个方法最会调用到了sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(Message msg) 方法,这个比较重要了。
public final boolean sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(Message msg) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, 0);
}
首先拿到了当前线程也就是主线程的消息队列mQueue,如果不知咋回事建议看看下handler原理,这里就再唠叨几句,一个线程中会有一个looper 对象和一个MessageQueue对象 可以有多个handler 。然后调用了enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) 方法 。
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
然后调用消息队列的enqueueMessage 将消息放入消息对列中
boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
if (msg.target == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
}
if (msg.isInUse()) {
throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
}
synchronized (this) {
if (mQuitting) {
IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
msg.recycle();
return false;
}
msg.markInUse();
msg.when = when;
Message p = mMessages;
boolean needWake;
//把刚进入消息队列的消息置位消息队列的第一条消息
if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
// New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
msg.next = p;
mMessages = msg;
needWake = mBlocked;
} else {
//根据时间排序,为刚进入队列的消息寻找合适的位置
// Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake
// up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
// and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
Message prev;
for (;;) {
prev = p;
p = p.next;
if (p == null || when < p.when) {
break;
}
if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
needWake = false;
}
}
msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
prev.next = msg;
}
// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
if (needWake) {
nativeWake(mPtr);
}
}
return true;
}
- 第一种情况比较好理解,就是把当前消息的next 指向一个空消息 将自身赋值为mMessages的值
- 重点理解下第二种情况,假设有三条消息,三条消息对应的when值分别为3,5,9

- 假设我们传进来的msg的when值为 4,那初次进入参数值为
1. prev.when=p.when=3
2. p.when=p.next.when= 5
3. xxMessage.when= 9
现在msg.when的值小于p.when=5 ,when<p.when 所以执行了 break方法,那么msg.next=p 既msg的下一条指向了p,
prev.next=msg 既 prev --> msg--->p---->xxMessage 顺利将msg插入到队列中。
接着我们看下消息的出列操作,前边我们讲过Looper对象, ui线已经创建了looper对象 和队列 并且调用了Looper.loop()方法开始轮询消息出站操作。看下loop()方法。
public static void loop() {
//获取looper对象
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
//拿到了队列
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
//无限循环取消息
for (;;) {
//获取when值最小的一条消息
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
final long slowDispatchThresholdMs = me.mSlowDispatchThresholdMs;
final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {
Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
}
final long start = (slowDispatchThresholdMs == 0) ? 0 : SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
final long end;
try {
//获取当前绑定的handler 并且调用其中的dispatchMessage方法,执行handler handlerMessage回调
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
end = (slowDispatchThresholdMs == 0) ? 0 : SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
} finally {
if (traceTag != 0) {
Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
}
}
if (slowDispatchThresholdMs > 0) {
final long time = end - start;
if (time > slowDispatchThresholdMs) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Dispatch took " + time + "ms on "
+ Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", h=" +
msg.target + " cb=" + msg.callback + " msg=" + msg.what);
}
}
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}
//将当前message 初始化以便重复利用
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
这里主要有三个点注意,1.队列是如何获取when最小的一条消息,2.message是如何重复利用的 这两个我们今天不做探讨,我们主要看下 3.run 方法是如何执行或者handlerMessage如何执行的。进入handler 的dispatchMessage方法看下。
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
代码一目了然,如果message设置了callback 那么执行handlerCallback 方法,否则执行我们熟悉的handlerMesage方法。
这段我们讲的是runOnUiThread 传进来一个接口并且获取到了Message对象 when赋值为0 ,msg.callback =Runnable(传入的接口)
看下handleCallback(Message message) 方法。
private static void handleCallback(Message message) {
message.callback.run();
}
只有一行代码,那就是执行run方法。走了这么大一圈,终于完了。
总结下从runOnUiThread 到run方法执行过程:首先runOnUiThread 方法传入了一个接口,然后获取一个message对象,获取主线程的looper,对列,和handler,然后是消息的入栈操作,接着是消息出栈,获取当前消息的handler调用消息分发事件dispatchMessage,然后判断是接口为空,不为空的话执行run方法。
2.view.post 方法
接着看下post方法,上面讲了那么多,如果都理解了,下面的相对就非常简单了。
mPhotoView.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
}
});
这个和 runOnUiThread 基本类似,都是传入一个Runnable接口,看下post(Runnable action)方法。
public boolean post(Runnable action) {
final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo;
if (attachInfo != null) {
return attachInfo.mHandler.post(action);
}
// Postpone the runnable until we know on which thread it needs to run.
// Assume that the runnable will be successfully placed after attach.
getRunQueue().post(action);
return true;
}
attachinfo 是当前view 的属性信息,如果为空调用队列的post方法。
attachInfo.mHandler.post(action) 这个是view 本身都会有一个handler 绑定的是主线程的looper ,再看post
public final boolean post(Runnable r)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0);
}
调用到了handler 的sendMessageDelayed(Message msg,long delayMillis)方法我们上边讲过了,接下来他的调用流程和runOnUiThread 一样了。最后都会执行run方法。
现在看下attactInfo 为空的情况。
getRunQueue().post(action);
看下RunQueue是啥
static RunQueue getRunQueue() {
RunQueue rq = sRunQueues.get();
if (rq != null) {
return rq;
}
rq = new RunQueue();
sRunQueues.set(rq);
return rq;
}
先通过aRunQueues.get获取一个Runqueue对象,如果有就返回,没有就新建一个并调用sRunQueues的set方法,这个不细说,重点看下RunQueue 的post
void post(Runnable action) {
postDelayed(action, 0);
}
void postDelayed(Runnable action, long delayMillis) {
HandlerAction handlerAction = new HandlerAction();
handlerAction.action = action;
handlerAction.delay = delayMillis;
synchronized (mActions) {
mActions.add(handlerAction);
}
}
其实 是调用了postDelayed方法,我们看到新建了一个HandlerActivity 并且初始化参数, 并加入到一个 ArrayList 集合中。那他在哪里取出hadlerAction 呢。
void executeActions(Handler handler) {
synchronized (mActions) {
final ArrayList<HandlerAction> actions = mActions;
final int count = actions.size();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final HandlerAction handlerAction = actions.get(i);
handler.postDelayed(handlerAction.action, handlerAction.delay);
}
actions.clear();
}
}
在当前类中有这么一个方法,取出了handlerAction 并且调用了handler的postDelayed方法,这个我们比较熟悉,就是最后要执行run方法了。我们重点看下executeAction 何时调用的。在ViewRootlmp 中找到了。performTraversals方法,那么它又是哪里调用的呢。
向上追溯, doTraversal() ---> TraversalRunnable ---> scheduleTraversals 最后到了这里,这个方法是绘制view了
boolean cancelDraw = mAttachInfo.mTreeObserver.dispatchOnPreDraw() ||
viewVisibility != View.VISIBLE;
if (!cancelDraw && !newSurface) {
if (!skipDraw || mReportNextDraw) {
if (mPendingTransitions != null && mPendingTransitions.size() > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < mPendingTransitions.size(); ++i) {
mPendingTransitions.get(i).startChangingAnimations();
}
mPendingTransitions.clear();
}
performDraw();
}
} else {
if (viewVisibility == View.VISIBLE) {
// Try again
scheduleTraversals();
} else if (mPendingTransitions != null && mPendingTransitions.size() > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < mPendingTransitions.size(); ++i) {
mPendingTransitions.get(i).endChangingAnimations();
}
mPendingTransitions.clear();
}
}
说实话,这个方法调用的地方太多了,一时间还真的难以确认是哪里调用的,只能大胆猜测下,在view 属性获取成功,并且状态可见时调用。现在算是流程整个通了,梳理下:当没有获取到view相关属性时,就将action存起来(mActions.add(handlerAction)),等到获取到view相关属性并且状态可见时再取出(scheduleTraversals)。
现在看executeActions(方法)调用了handler的postDelayed方法 ,当然,这个handler也是主线程的,下面流程就是handler那套了,通过判断是否有接口,执行run方法。
3.view.postDelaged 方法
前面我们讲了view.post 方法,如果你仔细观察,这个方法其实都不用讲了。
public boolean postDelayed(Runnable action, long delayMillis) {
final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo;
if (attachInfo != null) {
return attachInfo.mHandler.postDelayed(action, delayMillis);
}
// Assume that post will succeed later
ViewRootImpl.getRunQueue().postDelayed(action, delayMillis);
return true;
}
其实分别调用了handrle的postDelayed 和RunQueue 的postDelayed 方法。而view.post只是对postDelayed的简单封装。
attachInfo.mHandler.post(action);
public final boolean post(Runnable r)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0);
}
attachInfo.mHandler.post(action);
void post(Runnable action) {
postDelayed(action, 0);
}
其他的流程都一样。
4.handler.send...方法更新ui
上面我们讲了几种更新更新ui的方式,其实归根到底好是调用了handler的send...方法来更新数据。
但是归根到底还是调用了 sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) 方法。
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}
最后通过enqueueMessage 将消息送入到消息队列中,然后消息队列轮行取出消息执行handler中的
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) 方法,然后执行
private static void handleCallback(Message message) {
message.callback.run();
}
或者
handleMessage(msg)
方法,在run 中或在 handleMessage 执行我们的更新ui 的操做。
到这里更新ui 的几种方法就介绍完了,本来觉得一天就能搞定的结果搞了四天才写完,其中又不断的学习了新的知识,希望大家在看的时候尽量的结合源码去看,这样能够更好的理解。
补充一点,在看资料的时候看到有人说IntentService 和AsyncTask 也可以更新ui 其实他们都是内置了一个子线程然后绑定了一个主线程的Handler实现的。
参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/suma_sun/article/details/51584026
https://blog.csdn.net/lufeng20/article/details/24314381
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_23547831/article/details/50751687
本文深入解析了Android中四种常用的UI更新方法:runOnUiThread、View.post、View.postDelayed及Handler.sendMessage,详细阐述了它们的工作原理和执行流程,帮助开发者更好地理解和运用线程间通信。

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