常见FFmpeg命令行全面分析

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已于 2022-10-15 19:55:18 修改 · 4.2w 阅读

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#音视频 #FFmpeg命令行 #1024程序员节

于 2021-10-23 10:15:08 首次发布

本文详细介绍了FFmpeg的命令行工具，包括ffmpeg、ffprobe和ffplay的使用。重点讲解了音频和视频的常见操作，如音频转码、剪切、拼接、混音等，以及视频剪切、转码、截图、添加水印等功能。此外，还展示了如何利用FFmpeg实现音频特效、视频降噪、3D VR视频转换等高级操作。适合对音视频处理感兴趣的开发者参考学习。

FFmpeg多媒体库支持的命令行调用分为三个模块：ffmpeg、ffprobe、ffplay。其中ffmpeg命令行常用于音视频剪切、转码、滤镜、拼接、混音、截图等；ffprobe用于检测多媒体流格式；ffplay用于播放视频。详情可查阅FFmpeg官方文档：ffmpeg Documentation。

一、ffmpeg命令行

1、命令行参数介绍

Print help / information / capabilities:
--help topic        show help
-version            show version
-formats            show available formats
-muxers             show available muxers
-demuxers           show available demuxers
-devices            show available devices
-codecs             show available codecs
-decoders           show available decoders
-encoders           show available encoders
-bsfs               show available bit stream filters
-protocols          show available protocols
-filters            show available filters
-pix_fmts           show available pixel formats
-sample_fmts        show available audio sample formats
-hwaccels           show available HW acceleration methods

Global options (affect whole program instead of just one file:
-v loglevel         set logging level
-y                  overwrite output files
-n                  never overwrite output files
-filter_threads     number of non-complex filter threads
-stats              print progress report during encoding
-vol volume         change audio volume (256=normal)

Per-file main options:
-f fmt              force format
-c codec            codec name
-codec codec        codec name
-t duration         record or transcode "duration" seconds of audio/video
-to time_stop       record or transcode stop time
-fs limit_size      set the limit file size in bytes
-ss time_off        set the start time offset
-sseof time_off     set the start time offset relative to EOF
-frames number      set the number of frames to output
-filter filter_graph  set stream filtergraph
-discard            discard
-disposition        disposition

Video options:
-vframes number     set the number of video frames to output
-r rate             set frame rate (Hz value, fraction or abbreviation)
-s size             set frame size (WxH or abbreviation)
-aspect aspect      set aspect ratio (4:3, 16:9 or 1.3333, 1.7777)
-bits_per_raw_sample number  set the number of bits per raw sample
-vn                 disable video
-vcodec codec       force video codec ('copy' to copy stream)
-timecode hh:mm:ss[:;.]ff  set initial TimeCode value.
-vf filter_graph    set video filters
-ab bitrate         audio bitrate (please use -b:a)
-b bitrate          video bitrate (please use -b:v)

Audio options:
-aframes number     set the number of audio frames to output
-aq quality         set audio quality (codec-specific)
-ar rate            set audio sampling rate (in Hz)
-ac channels        set number of audio channels
-an                 disable audio
-acodec codec       force audio codec ('copy' to copy stream)
-vol volume         change audio volume (256=normal)
-af filter_graph    set audio filters

Subtitle options:
-s size             set frame size
-sn                 disable subtitle
-scodec codec       force subtitle codec ('copy' to copy stream)

命令行整体格式：以ffmpeg开头，参数之间用空格隔开，每个参数key以"-"开头，后面跟着参数value，输出文件放在命令行最后。

2、音频常见操作

2.1 音频转码

直接转码：

ffmpeg -i input.mp3 output.m4a

指定编码器、采样率、声道数转码：

ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -acodec aac -ac 2 -ar 44100 output.m4a

2.2 音频剪切

-ss 10指定从第10秒开始，-t 20代表剪切20秒

ffmpeg -i input.mp3 -ss 10 -t 20 c

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