[学习笔记] Spring beanfactory applicationcontext

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-31 12:20:56 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2024-03-31 12:20:56 发布 · 457 阅读

0 ·

本内容遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议

Spring 专栏收录该内容

4 篇文章

订阅专栏

本文深入探讨了Spring框架中的ApplicationContext，解释了其与BeanFactory的区别及优势，重点介绍了它提供的国际化消息访问、资源访问、事件传播等功能。

我们一般把BeanFactory叫做IoC容器，叫ApplicationContext 为应用上下文（或者Spring容器）;
如果说BeanFactory是Spring的心脏，那么ApplicationContext就是Spring的完整的身躯了;
ApplicationContext由BeanFactory派生而来，提供了更加多的面向实际应用的功能;
在BeanFactory中，很多功能需要以编程的方式实现，而在ApplicationContext中则可以通过配置的方式实现。

ApplicationContext还提供了以下的功能：
1) MessageSource,提供国际化的消息访问
2)资源访问，如URL和文件
3）事件传播，实现了ApplicationListener接口的bean
4)应用多个上文，使得每一个上下文都专注于一个特定的层次，比如应用的web层.

1.MessageSource

ApplicationContext接口扩展了MessageSource接口，因而提供了消息处理的功能（i18n或者国际化）。与HierarchicalMessageSource一起使用，它还能够处理嵌套的消息，这些是Spring提供的处理消息的基本接口。让我们快速浏览一下它所定义的方法：
• String getMessage(String code, Object[] args, String default, Locale loc)：用来从MessageSource获取消息的基本方法。如果在指定的locale中没有找到消息，则使用默认的消息。args中的参数将使用标准类库中的MessageFormat来作消息中替换值。
• String getMessage(String code, Object[] args, Locale loc)：本质上和上一个方法相同，其区别在：没有指定默认值，如果没找到消息，会抛出一个NoSuchMessageException异常。
• String getMessage(MessageSourceResolvable resolvable, Locale locale)：上面方法中所使用的属性都封装到一个MessageSourceResolvable实现中，而本方法可以指定MessageSourceResolvable实现。
当一个ApplicationContext被加载时，它会自动在context中查找已定义为MessageSource类型的bean。此bean的名称须为messageSource。如果找到，那么所有对上述方法的调用将被委托给该bean。否则ApplicationContext会在其父类中查找是否含有同名的bean。如果有，就把它作为MessageSource。如果它最终没有找到任何的消息源，一个空的StaticMessageSource将会被实例化，使它能够接受上述方法的调用。

ApplicationContext加载多个配置文件，并读取

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">Bean.xml的配置情况
<span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">beans</span>></span>
  <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"messageSource"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"basenames"</span>></span>
      <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">list</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">value</span>></span>one<span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">value</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">value</span>></span>two<span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">value</span>></span>
      <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">list</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">property</span>></span>
  <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bean</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">beans</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">1</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">2</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">3</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">4</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">5</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">6</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">7</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">8</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">9</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">10</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">11</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">12</li></ul>

这段配置文件告诉我们资源文件加载的方式，它可以从one.properties，two.properties，两个文件里分别加载我们需要的资源，且它们是按配置文件夹的顺序加载的。

<code class="hljs livecodeserver has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">one</span>.properties
<span class="hljs-comment" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># in 'one.properties'</span>
<span class="hljs-constant" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">one</span>=<span class="hljs-constant" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">one</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">format</span>!
<span class="hljs-constant" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">two</span>.properties
<span class="hljs-comment" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># in 'two.properties'</span>
message=<span class="hljs-constant" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">one</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">format</span>!</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">1</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">2</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">3</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">4</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">5</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">6</li></ul>

ApplicationContext加载多个配置文件的JAVA源代码

<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">package</span> com.spring;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> org.springframework.context.MessageSource;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

<span class="hljs-javadoc" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**  
 * 简单模拟ApplicationContext加载多个配置文件，并读取属性
 *  
 *<span class="hljs-javadoctag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"> @author</span> 范芳铭
 */</span> 
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">EasyApplicationContext</span> {</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">main</span>(String[] args) {
        MessageSource resources = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(<span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"bean.xml"</span>);
        String message = resources.getMessage(<span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"message"</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Default"</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>);
        System.out.println(message);
    }
}    </code>