SSM(spring+springMVC+mybatis)整合项目基础搭建过程及常见问题(idea版)

适用于：springmvc初学者、javaEE期末考试抱佛脚

一、项目基础框架
1、首先需要先建一个web项目并部署到tomcat，这里我用Maven进行构建。

简单做一下包结构：

2、pom.xml 主要依赖:

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.tfcdys</groupId>
  <artifactId>SSM001</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>SSM001 Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
      <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
      <version>1.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.49</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>3.5.7</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId>
      <version>2.2.0</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/java</directory>
        <includes>
          <include>**/*.xml</include>
        </includes>
      </resource>
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
        <includes>
          <include>**/*.*</include>
        </includes>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <finalName>SSM001</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

3、web.xml的配置：简单四点：

        1> spring配置文件路径；

        2> filter配置编码格式；

        3> 监听器；

        4> servlet配置；

web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <!--spring配置文件路径；-->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <!--filter配置编码格式；-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  <!--spring监听器；-->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <!--servlet配置；-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc-config.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

 4、applicationContext.xml配置

        1> 读取数据库常量配置文件db.properties；

        2> 配置数据源dataSource；

        3> 配置事务管理器 依赖数据源

        4> 开启事务注解

        5>配置Mybatis工厂bean sqlSessionManager

        6>mapper扫描器

        7>开启service扫描

db.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=95580
jdbc.maxTotal=30
jdbc.maxIdle=10
jdbc.initialSize=5

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
    <!--    读取db.properties-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
    <!--    配置数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
        <property name="maxTotal" value="${jdbc.maxTotal}"/>
        <property name="maxIdle" value="${jdbc.maxIdle}"/>
        <property name="initialSize" value="${jdbc.initialSize}"/>
    </bean>
    <!--    配置事务管理器 依赖数据源-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <!--    开启事务注解-->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
    <!--    配置Mybatis工厂bean sqlSessionManager-->
    <bean id="sqlSessionManager" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
    </bean>
    <!--    mapper扫描器-->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.tfcdys.dao"/>
    </bean>
    <!--    开启service扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.tfcdys.service"/>
</beans>

5、mybatis-congif.xml 因为开启了Mapper扫描 其他没什么好写的 用到再写

mybatis-congif.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.tfcdys.domain"/>
    </typeAliases>
</configuration>

6、springmvc-config.xml: spring 4.0以后不用配置处理映射器，处理适配器，视图解析器 也能完成，这里主要写了视图解析器的前后缀 ，简化视图写法。

其他需要的配置也是用到再写 如：

<!-- 控制器 -->
<mvc:interceptors>
    <bean class="com.itheima.interceptor.*"/>
</mvc:interceptors>
<!-- 文件上传 -->
<bean id="multipartResolver"         class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
    <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>

等等。。。

springmvc-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!--    扫描控制器controller-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.tfcdys.controller"/>
    <!--    mvc注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!--    视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

到这里基础配置已经写完

现在的目录结构：

 可以结合具体的需求完善项目了。

二、常见问题

1、项目部署失败：多为.xml文件存在问题:

         1>直接报错的按照提示修改就行。

              如：xml中首行未顶格写；”classpath: *.*“后面有空格；

          2>web.xml中未指定或错误指定文件路径。

               如：此处未写：

2、BindingException：绑定异常

原因：

        1>接口文件名与对应.xml文件名不一致；

         2>接口中方法名与对应.xml文件中方法名（id）不一致；

         3>接口中返回值类型与对应.xml文件中返回值类型（resultType(Map)）不一致；

          4>spring文件中未指明或错误指明mapper文件所在包名

           5>未将java包下的.xml文件识别为资源文件 ：应在pom.xml中添加：

 如有错误 望雅正！