设计模式简述（二十）规格模式

描述

规格模式并不在传统的23设计模式中，属于后面扩展的设计模式。
简单描述就是对一批数据进行多条件（包括逻辑组合、有点装饰器的感觉，可以不断套娃）匹配。

组件

• 实体

package dp.spec;

/**
 * TODO
 *
 * @author kal
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @date 2025/5/25 23:13
 */
public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private String gender;

    public User(Long id, String name, Integer age, String gender) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public static class UserBuilder {
        private Long id;
        private String name;
        private Integer age;
        private String gender;

        public static UserBuilder builder() {
            return new UserBuilder();
        }

        public UserBuilder id(Long id) {
            this.id = id;
            return this;
        }
        public UserBuilder name(String name) {
            this.name = name;
            return this;
        }
        public UserBuilder age(Integer age) {
            this.age = age;
            return this;
        }
        public UserBuilder gender(String gender) {
            this.gender = gender;
            return this;
        }


        public User build() {
            return new User(this.id, this.name, this.age, this.gender);
        }
    }
}

• 通用匹配接口

public interface IUserSelector {
    List<User> query(IUserSpec spec);
}

• 匹配接口实现

public class UserSelector implements IUserSelector {
    private final List<User> userList;

    public UserSelector(List<User> userList) {
        this.userList = userList;
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> query(IUserSpec spec) {
        List<User> result = new ArrayList<>();
        userList.forEach(user -> {
            if (spec.match(user)) {
                result.add(user);
            }
        });
        return result;
    }
}

• 规格接口

public interface IUserSpec {
    boolean match(User user);
    IUserSpec and(IUserSpec userSpec);
    IUserSpec or(IUserSpec userSpec);
    IUserSpec not();
}

• 实现组合逻辑的抽象规格类

public abstract class CompositeSpec implements IUserSpec {

    @Override
    public IUserSpec and(IUserSpec userSpec) {
        return new AndSpec(this, userSpec);
    }

    @Override
    public IUserSpec or(IUserSpec userSpec) {
        return new OrSpec(this, userSpec);
    }

    @Override
    public IUserSpec not() {
        return new NotSpec(this);
    }
}

• 组合规格

public class AndSpec extends CompositeSpec {
    private final IUserSpec first;
    private final IUserSpec second;

    public AndSpec(IUserSpec first, IUserSpec second) {
        this.first = first;
        this.second = second;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean match(User user) {
        return first.match(user) && second.match(user);
    }
}

public class OrSpec extends CompositeSpec {
    private final IUserSpec first;
    private final IUserSpec second;

    public OrSpec(IUserSpec first, IUserSpec second) {
        this.first = first;
        this.second = second;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean match(User user) {
        return first.match(user) || second.match(user);
    }
}


public class NotSpec extends CompositeSpec {
    private final IUserSpec first;

    public NotSpec(IUserSpec first) {
        this.first = first;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean match(User user) {
        return !first.match(user);
    }
}

• 具体业务规格

public class GenderEqSpec extends CompositeSpec {
    private final String gender;

    public GenderEqSpec(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean match(User user) {
        return Objects.equals(user.getGender(), gender);
    }
}

public class NameEqSpec extends CompositeSpec {
    private final String name;

    public NameEqSpec(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean match(User user) {
        return Objects.equals(user.getName(), name);
    }
}

使用

public class Sample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<User> dataList = new ArrayList<>();
        dataList.add(User.UserBuilder.builder()
                .id(1L)
                .name("张三")
                .age(10)
                .gender("男")
                .build());
        dataList.add(User.UserBuilder.builder()
                .id(2L)
                .name("李四")
                .age(20)
                .gender("女")
                .build());
        dataList.add(User.UserBuilder.builder()
                .id(3L)
                .name("王五")
                .age(30)
                .gender("女")
                .build());
        IUserSelector selector = new UserSelector(dataList);
        // 两个基本规格
        IUserSpec nameSpe = new NameEqSpec("张三");
        IUserSpec genderEqSpec = new GenderEqSpec("女");
        // 组合规格
        IUserSpec spec = nameSpe.and(genderEqSpec);
        List<User> result = selector.query(spec);
        System.out.println(result);
    }
}