Oracle 在RAC中使用DNS与DHCP

通常,我们在搭建RAC的时候,习惯把相关的IP配置在每个节点上的/etc/hosts文件当中。然而在12c当中,虽然也可以把相关的IP同样配置在每个节点上的/etc/hosts文件中,但是在进行安装预检测的时候,它要求不单是对SCAN的解析,同样它还要求对每个节点的HOSTNAME及VIP进行解析。在安装Flex Cluster的时候,要求配置GNS,同时也就汲到了DHCP。其实,这些要求是合理的,因为虽着节点数的增加,使用DNS与DHCP管理IP及hostname已成为必然。

在http://blog.163.com/donfang_jianping/blog/static/13647395120152283914534/中,我们介绍了12c RAC的搭建。这里,我们再来看一下使用DNS进行RAC的搭建。

首先,需要配置DNS服务器。
该DNS服务器用来解析,每个节点的hostname,hostname-vip及SCAN。配置过程如下:
需要安装如下RPM包:
[root@12c-dns ~]# rpm -qa | grep bind
bind-utils-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64
bind-libs-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64
bind-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6_4.6.x86_64
[root@12c-dns ~]# 
配置/etc/named.conf:
[root@12c-dns ~]# cat /etc/named.conf
options {
        directory "/var/named";
};
zone "88.168.172.IN-ADDR.ARPA" IN {
        type master;
        file "172.168.88.db";
};
zone "space.com." IN {
        type master;
        file "space.com.db";
};
[root@12c-dns ~]# 
在/va/named目录下,配置对应的域及反向解析:
[root@12c-dns ~]# cat /var/named/space.com.db 
$TTL 1H
@   IN    SOA   12c-dns.space.com.      root.homeserver.localdomain. (5
                                                        3H
                                                        1H
                                                        1W
                                                        1H)
@       IN      NS      12c-dns.space.com.
12c-dns                 IN      A       172.168.88.254
djp01                   IN      A       172.168.88.10
djp02                   IN      A       172.168.88.11
djp-cluster-gns         IN      A       172.168.88.200
djp                     IN      NS      djp-cluster-gns
[root@12c-dns ~]# cat /var/named/172.168.88.db 
$TTL 1H
@   IN    SOA     12c-dns.space.com. root.homeserver.localdomain.space.com. ( 2
                                        1H
                                        1H
                                        1W
                                        1H )
@       IN      NS      12c-dns.space.com.
254     IN      PTR     12c-dns.space.com.
10      IN      PTR     djp01.space.com.
11      IN      PTR     djp02.space.com.
200     IN      PTR     djp-cluster-gns.space.com
[root@12c-dns ~]# 

配置dhcp服务。
首先需要安装如下rpm包:
[root@12c-dns ~]# rpm -qa | grep dhcp
dhcp-common-4.1.1-38.P1.el6.x86_64
dhcp-4.1.1-38.P1.el6.x86_64
[root@12c-dns ~]# 
配置/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf:
[root@12c-dns ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 
#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
#   see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
#   see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'
#
ddns-update-style               interim;
ignore client-updates;
subnet 172.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {
        range 172.168.88.201 172.168.88.253;
        option subnet-mask 255.255.0.0;
        option domain-name "space.com";
        option domain-name-servers      172.168.88.254;
}
[root@12c-dns ~]# 

配置每个节点的/etc/resolve.conf,用来指定DNS。
[root@djp01 ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf 
options attempts: 2
options timeout: 1
search space.com        djp.space.com
nameserver 172.168.88.254
[root@djp01 ~]# 
同样在节点djp02上进行配置。

验证。
 [root@djp01 ~]# nslookup djp01
Server:         172.168.88.254
Address:        172.168.88.254#53

Name:   djp01.space.com
Address: 172.168.88.10

[root@djp01 ~]# nslookup djp02
Server:         172.168.88.254
Address:        172.168.88.254#53

Name:   djp02.space.com
Address: 172.168.88.11

[root@djp01 ~]# nslookup djp-cluster-gns
Server:         172.168.88.254
Address:        172.168.88.254#53

Name:   djp-cluster-gns.space.com
Address: 172.168.88.200

[root@djp01 ~]# 
同样,在另外一个节点上进行验证。

不要忘记把private IP写到/etc/hosts中。
root@djp01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

#Private IP (eth1)
192.168.88.1    djp01-priv.space.com djp01-priv
192.168.88.2    djp02-priv.space.com djp02-priv

[root@djp01 ~]# 

RAC安装环境的检测。
[grid@djp01 grid]$ ./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n djp01,djp02 -fixup -verbose
执行该脚本进行环境的检测,其中有如下一项,
Checking integrity of file "/etc/resolv.conf" across nodes

Checking the file "/etc/resolv.conf" to make sure only one of 'domain' and 'search' entries is defined
"domain" and "search" entries do not coexist in any "/etc/resolv.conf" file
Checking if 'domain' entry in file "/etc/resolv.conf" is consistent across the nodes...
"domain" entry does not exist in any "/etc/resolv.conf" file
Checking if 'search' entry in file "/etc/resolv.conf" is consistent across the nodes...
Checking file "/etc/resolv.conf" to make sure that only one 'search' entry is defined
More than one "search" entry does not exist in any "/etc/resolv.conf" file
All nodes have same "search" order defined in file "/etc/resolv.conf"
Checking DNS response time for an unreachable node
  Node Name                             Status                  
  ------------------------------------  ------------------------
  djp01                                 passed                  
  djp02                                 passed                  
The DNS response time for an unreachable node is within acceptable limit on all nodes
checking DNS response from all servers in "/etc/resolv.conf"
checking response for name "djp02" from each of the name servers specified in "/etc/resolv.conf"
  Node Name     Source                    Comment                   Status    
  ------------  ------------------------  ------------------------  ----------
  djp02         172.168.88.254            IPv4                      passed    
checking response for name "djp01" from each of the name servers specified in "/etc/resolv.conf"
  Node Name     Source                    Comment                   Status    
  ------------  ------------------------  ------------------------  ----------
  djp01         172.168.88.254            IPv4                      passed    

Check for integrity of file "/etc/resolv.conf" passed
该项检测通过,证明DNS配置完整。

grid的安装。
安装到“http://blog.163.com/donfang_jianping/blog/static/13647395120152283914534/”中描述的第4步时,在“SCAN name”里面输入djp-cluster-scan.djp.space.com(这里的名称只是SCAN名称,不要错输入为djp-cluster-gns.space.com),勾选“Configure nodes Virtual IPs as assigned by the Dynamic Networks”,在“GNS VIP address”中输入172.168.88.200,在“GNS Sub Domain”中输入djp.space.com(就是上述DNS中的子域)。
在“第五步”中在“Public Hostname”中输入djp02.space.com,“Virtual Hostname”为“AUTO”。
安装完成以后,运行root.sh脚本即可。

下面,我们来看一下RAC中的几个IP。

集群资源查看:
[root@djp01 bin]# ./crsctl status res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name           Target  State        Server                   State details       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr
               ONLINE  ONLINE       djp01                    STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       djp02                    STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
               ONLINE  ONLINE       djp01                    STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       djp02                    STABLE
ora.OCRDG.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       djp01                    STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       djp02                    STABLE
ora.net1.network
               ONLINE  ONLINE       djp01                    STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       djp02                    STABLE
ora.ons
               ONLINE  ONLINE       djp01                    STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       djp02                    STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       djp02                    STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       djp01                    STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       djp01                    STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
      1        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               STABLE
ora.asm
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       djp01                    Started,STABLE
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       djp02                    Started,STABLE
      3        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               STABLE
ora.cvu
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       djp01                    STABLE
ora.djp01.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       djp01                    STABLE
ora.djp02.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       djp02                    STABLE
ora.gns
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       djp02                    STABLE
ora.gns.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       djp02                    STABLE
ora.oc4j
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       djp01                    STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       djp02                    STABLE
ora.scan2.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       djp01                    STABLE
ora.scan3.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       djp01                    STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@djp01 bin]# 

节点VIP查看:
[root@djp01 bin]# ./srvctl config nodeapps
Network 1 exists
Subnet IPv4: 172.168.0.0/255.255.0.0/eth0, dhcp
Subnet IPv6: 
Ping Targets: 
Network is enabled
Network is individually enabled on nodes: 
Network is individually disabled on nodes: 
VIP exists: network number 1, hosting node djp01
VIP IPv4 Address: -/djp01-vip/172.168.88.204
VIP IPv6 Address: 
VIP is enabled.
VIP is individually enabled on nodes: 
VIP is individually disabled on nodes: 
VIP exists: network number 1, hosting node djp02
VIP IPv4 Address: -/djp02-vip/172.168.88.208
VIP IPv6 Address: 
VIP is enabled.
VIP is individually enabled on nodes: 
VIP is individually disabled on nodes: 
ONS exists: Local port 6100, remote port 6200, EM port 2016, Uses SSL false
ONS is enabled
ONS is individually enabled on nodes: 
ONS is individually disabled on nodes: 
[root@djp01 bin]# 

SCAN信息查看:
[root@djp01 bin]# ./srvctl config scan
SCAN name: djp-cluster-scan.djp.space.com, Network: 1
Subnet IPv4: 172.168.0.0/255.255.0.0/eth0, dhcp
Subnet IPv6: 
SCAN 0 IPv4 VIP: -/scan1-vip/172.168.88.205
SCAN VIP is enabled.
SCAN VIP is individually enabled on nodes: 
SCAN VIP is individually disabled on nodes: 
SCAN 1 IPv4 VIP: -/scan2-vip/172.168.88.211
SCAN VIP is enabled.
SCAN VIP is individually enabled on nodes: 
SCAN VIP is individually disabled on nodes: 
SCAN 2 IPv4 VIP: -/scan3-vip/172.168.88.209
SCAN VIP is enabled.
SCAN VIP is individually enabled on nodes: 
SCAN VIP is individually disabled on nodes: 
[root@djp01 bin]#
SCAN名称的解析:
[root@djp01 bin]# nslookup djp-cluster-scan
Server:         172.168.88.254
Address:        172.168.88.254#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   djp-cluster-scan.djp.space.com
Address: 172.168.88.209
Name:   djp-cluster-scan.djp.space.com
Address: 172.168.88.207
Name:   djp-cluster-scan.djp.space.com
Address: 172.168.88.205
Name:   djp-cluster-scan.djp.space.com
Address: 172.168.88.206
Name:   djp-cluster-scan.djp.space.com
Address: 172.168.88.211

[root@djp01 bin]# 

GNS信息查看:
[root@djp01 bin]# ./srvctl config gns
GNS is enabled.
GNS VIP addresses: 172.168.88.200
Domain served by GNS: djp.space.com
[root@djp01 bin]#
在本地自己的操作系统上,完全模拟生产环境,让学员跟着视频一步一步搭建一套在RHEL7操作系统上面的oracle19c的rac环境。同时学员还会学会DNS服务器,DNS客户端,NTP服务器,NTP客户端等操作系统知识。让学员在短时间内,oracle和操作系统知识,有一定的提升。让学员可以独自轻松安装一套oracle rac环境。一课程主题 模拟生产环境,用多路径共享存储,用虚拟软件安装一套RHEL7.5+oracle19c+rac+打补丁二课程特色 完成模拟生产环境,用openfiler软件模拟生产惠普的3par存储,用2个虚拟网卡模拟数据库服务器的2个HBA卡。课程以实践为主,从头到尾一步一步教学员怎样操作,实践性强模拟生产需求,完全可以把这套环境拿到生产环境安装三课程内容 1.课程结束成果演示    1.1 用workstation,安装一套rhel7+oracle19c+rac+multipath+共享存储+DNS服务器+DNS客户端+NTP服务器+NTP客户端的生产环境    1.2 怎样打oracle19c的rac补丁(包括GI补丁,oracle补丁,数据库补丁,OJVM补丁,bug补丁)2.安装openfiler软件,模拟共享存储+配置多路径访问    2.1安装openfiler软件   2.2配置openfiler软件(配置2个虚拟网卡,模拟服务器的2个HBA卡)   2.3创建ocr磁盘   2.4创建mgmt磁盘   2.5创建数据文件磁盘   2.6创建归档日志磁盘3.安装2台数据库服务器    3.1安装2台数据库服务器RHEL7.5   3.2配置服务器双网卡绑定+配置服务器心跳线4.安装多路径软件识别共享存储中的磁盘     4.1安装服务器本地yum源    4.2安装iscsi软件,配置多路径配置文件,识别共享存储中的磁盘    4.3识别ocr磁盘    4.4识别mgmt磁盘    4.5识别数据文件磁盘    4.6识别归档日志磁盘5.oracle19c的rac环境系统参数官方说明     5.1如何配置oracle19c的rac的系统参数(我们参考官方说明)    5.2oracle19c+rac环境Best Practices 官方说明文档6.安装oracle19c+rac之前的准备工作     6.1修改/etc/hosts文件    6.2配置DNS服务器+DNS客户端+NTP服务器+NTP客户端    6.3创建用户和组    6.4创建目录    6.5修改用户环境变量    6.6安装相关软件包    6.7配置ssh互信    6.9禁用服务器透明大页7.安装oracle+19c+rac软件    7.1安装GI软件   7.2创建ASM磁盘,主要是数据文件磁盘和归档日志磁盘   7.3安装数据库软件   7.4创建数据库实例   7.5日常常用维护集群命令(启停数据库,启停集群,查看监听,教同学们怎样不死记命令,而且命令还正确)8.打补丁   8.1打GI和ORACLE的操作系统补丁  8.2打OJVM补丁  8.3打ORA600的bug补丁9.课程总结和成果演示  9.1课程总结和成果演示 四学习必要工具 安装workstation软件  官网下载openfiler,rhel7.5软件下载oracle软件(包括19.3的rac安装包,19.4的补丁)以上软件我都已经在视频里面做了下载地址说明五课程纠错1)rac的私有ip应该是不同的网段,我在视频中设置错误。Ensure all private Ethernet interfaces are set to different subnets on each node. If different subnets are not used and connectivity is lost, this can cause a node reboot within the cluster2)配置好multipath,以及多路径的别名后,还要增加如下配置文件。[root@hellorac1 rules.d]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/99-persistent.rulesENV==data, OWNER:=grid, GROUP:=asmadmin, MODE:=660上面的配置文件增加成功后,运行如下命令:#udevadm control --reload-rules#/sbin/udevadm trigger --type=devices --action=change执行完成之后,会发现/dev/dm*相应的磁盘权限变成grid.asmadmin. 视频中只运行了udevadm control --reload-rules。3)安装GI部分1和部分2,先看部分2,再看部分1.特此纠正上面的3个错误。谢谢大家的支持和厚爱。
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