Java线程阻塞状态

1 概述

Java线程提供了六种状态,其中三种是阻塞状态,用例子来了解一下这些阻塞状态,方便使用堆栈信息里的线程状态来协助定位问题。

2 线程的状态和转换

2.1 六种状态

JDK提供的线程支持六种状态,可以通过java.lang.Thread.State类定义来了解。
  • NEW:新建的线程,但还没有运行。这个在堆栈中不体现。
  • RUNNABLE:运行中的线程。
  • BLOCK/WAITING/TIMED_WAITING:阻塞的线程。
  • TERMINATED:运行结束的线程。
// java.lang.Thread.State
public enum State {
    NEW,
    RUNNABLE,
    BLOCKED,
    WAITING,
    TIMED_WAITING,
    TERMINATED;
}

2.2 synchronized阻塞的线程

下面例子使用synchronized关键字来提供锁,观察没有拿到锁的线程状态。

public class TestTask1 extends Thread {
    private final Object lock;
    private final String taskName;
    public TestTask1(String taskName, Object lock) {
        this.lock = lock;
        this.taskName = taskName;
        setName(taskName);
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (lock) {
            System.out.println("Running in " + taskName);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100000); // 使用sleep()
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }
}

public class ThreadStatusDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadStatusDemo1 demo = new ThreadStatusDemo1();
        demo.test();
    }

    private void test() {
        Object lock = new Object();
        TestTask1 t1 = new TestTask1("my-test-1", lock);
        TestTask1 t2 = new TestTask1("my-test-2", lock);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        try {
            t1.join();
            t2.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

打印堆栈信息:

"main" #1 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000002e84800 nid=0x7b80 in Object.wait() [0x0000000002caf000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x0000000718f992b0> (a com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask)
    at java.lang.Thread.join(Thread.java:1245)
    - locked <0x0000000718f992b0> (a com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask)
    at java.lang.Thread.join(Thread.java:1319)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.ThreadStatusDemo.test(ThreadStatusDemo.java:16)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.ThreadStatusDemo.main(ThreadStatusDemo.java:6)
   Locked ownable synchronizers:
       - None

"my-test-1" #20 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000002aea7000 nid=0x6918 waiting on condition [0x000000002c30e000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask.run(TestTask.java:16)
    - locked <0x0000000718f95d80> (a java.lang.Object)
   Locked ownable synchronizers:
       - None
 
 "my-test-2" #21 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000002aeaa000 nid=0x85c4 waiting for monitor entry [0x000000002c40f000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask.run(TestTask.java:14)
    - waiting to lock <0x0000000718f95d80> (a java.lang.Object)
   Locked ownable synchronizers:
       - None
从堆栈信息可以看出(线程1抢到锁):
  • 用synchronized阻塞的线程(没有拿到锁),状态为BLOCKED。
  • 线程1抢到锁,里面用了Thread.sleep(timeout),状态为TIMED_WAITING。
  • main线程用了Thread.join(),不带参数,状态为WAITING。

2.3 Ojbect.wait()阻塞

还是使用synchronized加锁,但在代码块里用了Object.wait()方法来等待。

public class TestTask3 extends Thread {
    private final Object lock;
    private final String taskName;
    public TestTask3(String taskName, Object lock) {
        this.lock = lock;
        this.taskName = taskName;
        setName(taskName);
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (lock) {
            System.out.println("Running in " + taskName);
            try {
                lock.wait(); // 使用wait()等待
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }
}

public class ThreadStatusDemo3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadStatusDemo3 demo = new ThreadStatusDemo3();
        demo.test();
    }

    private void test() {
        Object lock = new Object();
        TestTask3 t1 = new TestTask3("my-test-1", lock);
        TestTask3 t2 = new TestTask3("my-test-2", lock);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        try {
            t1.join(10000000);
            t2.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

打印堆栈信息:

"main" #1 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000002d35000 nid=0x8444 in Object.wait() [0x0000000002b4f000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x00000007194ae888> (a com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask3)
    at java.lang.Thread.join(Thread.java:1253)
    - locked <0x00000007194ae888> (a com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask3)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.ThreadStatusDemo3.test(ThreadStatusDemo3.java:16)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.ThreadStatusDemo3.main(ThreadStatusDemo3.java:6)
   Locked ownable synchronizers:
       - None
 
"my-test-1" #23 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000002bb9f800 nid=0x5c10 in Object.wait() [0x000000002c42e000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x00000007194aad28> (a java.lang.Object)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask3.run(TestTask3.java:16)
    - locked <0x00000007194aad28> (a java.lang.Object)
   Locked ownable synchronizers:
       - None
 
 "my-test-2" #24 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000002bba0000 nid=0x50d0 in Object.wait() [0x000000002c52e000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x00000007194aad28> (a java.lang.Object)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask3.run(TestTask3.java:16)
    - locked <0x00000007194aad28> (a java.lang.Object)
   Locked ownable synchronizers:
       - None
从上面堆栈可以看出:
  • Object.wait()会释放锁,所以两个线程都阻塞在了wait()处,线程状态都为WAITING。
  • Thread.join(timeout)带参数时,线程状态为TIMED_WAITING。

2.4 Object.wait(timeout)阻塞

还是使用synchronized加锁,在代码块里用了Object.wait(timeout)方法来等待,增加了timeout参数。

public class TestTask3 extends Thread {
    private final Object lock;
    private final String taskName;
    public TestTask3(String taskName, Object lock) {
        this.lock = lock;
        this.taskName = taskName;
        setName(taskName);
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (lock) {
            System.out.println("Running in " + taskName);
            try {
                lock.wait(100000); // 增加timeout参数
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }
}

public class ThreadStatusDemo3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadStatusDemo3 demo = new ThreadStatusDemo3();
        demo.test();
    }

    private void test() {
        Object lock = new Object();
        TestTask3 t1 = new TestTask3("my-test-1", lock);
        TestTask3 t2 = new TestTask3("my-test-2", lock);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        try {
            t1.join(10000000);
            t2.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

打印堆栈信息:

"main" #1 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00000000039c4800 nid=0x7f5c in Object.wait() [0x00000000037df000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x0000000718f992d0> (a com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask3)
    at java.lang.Thread.join(Thread.java:1253)
    - locked <0x0000000718f992d0> (a com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask3)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.ThreadStatusDemo3.test(ThreadStatusDemo3.java:16)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.ThreadStatusDemo3.main(ThreadStatusDemo3.java:6)
   Locked ownable synchronizers:
       - None
 
 "my-test-1" #20 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000002b9a3000 nid=0x24cc in Object.wait() [0x000000002ce5f000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x0000000718f95d80> (a java.lang.Object)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask3.run(TestTask3.java:16)
    - locked <0x0000000718f95d80> (a java.lang.Object)
   Locked ownable synchronizers:
       - None
 
 "my-test-2" #21 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000002b9a4000 nid=0x3b0c in Object.wait() [0x000000002cf5f000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x0000000718f95d80> (a java.lang.Object)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask3.run(TestTask3.java:16)
    - locked <0x0000000718f95d80> (a java.lang.Object)
   Locked ownable synchronizers:
       - None
从上面可以看出:
  • Object.wait(timeout)会释放锁,所以两个线程都阻塞在了wait()处,线程状态都为TIMED_WAITING。

2.5 ReentrantLock.lock()阻塞

把锁换成ReentrantLock,不使用timeout参数:
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class TestTask2 extends Thread {
    private final ReentrantLock lock;
    private final String taskName;
    public TestTask2(String taskName, ReentrantLock lock) {
        this.lock = lock;
        this.taskName = taskName;
        setName(taskName);
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            lock.lock(); // 改为用ReentrantLock锁,不带timeout参数
            System.out.println("Running in " + taskName);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

public class ThreadStatusDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadStatusDemo2 demo = new ThreadStatusDemo2();
        demo.test();
    }

    private void test() {
        ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        TestTask2 t1 = new TestTask2("my-test-1", lock);
        TestTask2 t2 = new TestTask2("my-test-2", lock);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        try {
            t1.join();
            t2.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

打印堆栈信息:

"main" #1 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000003134800 nid=0x66dc in Object.wait() [0x0000000002edf000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x0000000718f9f390> (a com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask2)
    at java.lang.Thread.join(Thread.java:1245)
    - locked <0x0000000718f9f390> (a com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask2)
    at java.lang.Thread.join(Thread.java:1319)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.ThreadStatusDemo2.test(ThreadStatusDemo2.java:18)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.ThreadStatusDemo2.main(ThreadStatusDemo2.java:8)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
       - None
 
"my-test-1" #20 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000002af7b800 nid=0x6e78 waiting on condition [0x000000002c50f000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask2.run(TestTask2.java:19)
   Locked ownable synchronizers:
       - <0x0000000718f9bd80> (a java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$NonfairSync)
 
 "my-test-2" #21 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000002af7c000 nid=0x88c4 waiting on condition [0x000000002c60e000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (parking)
    at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method)
    - parking to wait for  <0x0000000718f9bd80> (a java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$NonfairSync)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.park(LockSupport.java:175)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.parkAndCheckInterrupt(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:836)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquireQueued(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:870)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquire(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:1199)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$NonfairSync.lock(ReentrantLock.java:209)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.lock(ReentrantLock.java:285)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask2.run(TestTask2.java:16)
   Locked ownable synchronizers:
       - None
从上面可以看出:
  • ReentrantLock.lock()最终调的是sun.misc.Unsafe.park()来阻塞,线程状态为WAITING,并不是BLOCKED。

2.6 ReentrantLock.tryLock(timeout)阻塞

把锁换成ReentrantLock,使用timeout参数:
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class TestTask2 extends Thread {
    private final ReentrantLock lock;
    private final String taskName;
    public TestTask2(String taskName, ReentrantLock lock) {
        this.lock = lock;
        this.taskName = taskName;
        setName(taskName);
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            lock.tryLock(100000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); // 改为带timeout参数
            System.out.println("Running in " + taskName);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

public class ThreadStatusDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadStatusDemo2 demo = new ThreadStatusDemo2();
        demo.test();
    }

    private void test() {
        ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        TestTask2 t1 = new TestTask2("my-test-1", lock);
        TestTask2 t2 = new TestTask2("my-test-2", lock);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        try {
            t1.join();
            t2.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

堆栈信息:

"main" #1 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000003c44800 nid=0x12f0 in Object.wait() [0x000000000397f000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x0000000718f9f4e0> (a com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask2)
    at java.lang.Thread.join(Thread.java:1245)
    - locked <0x0000000718f9f4e0> (a com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask2)
    at java.lang.Thread.join(Thread.java:1319)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.ThreadStatusDemo2.test(ThreadStatusDemo2.java:18)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.ThreadStatusDemo2.main(ThreadStatusDemo2.java:8)
   Locked ownable synchronizers:
       - None

"my-test-1" #20 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000002bb53800 nid=0x7a80 waiting on condition [0x000000002d00f000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (sleeping)
    at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask2.run(TestTask2.java:20)
   Locked ownable synchronizers:
       - <0x0000000718f9b9a0> (a java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$NonfairSync)
 
 "my-test-2" #21 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000000002bb56000 nid=0x391c waiting on condition [0x000000002d10f000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (parking)
    at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method)
    - parking to wait for  <0x0000000718f9b9a0> (a java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$NonfairSync)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.parkNanos(LockSupport.java:215)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.doAcquireNanos(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:934)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.tryAcquireNanos(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:1247)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.tryLock(ReentrantLock.java:442)
    at com.qqian.stepfmk.srvpro.tstatus.TestTask2.run(TestTask2.java:17)
   Locked ownable synchronizers:
       - None
从上面可以看出:
  • ReentrantLock.tryLock(timeout)最终调的是sun.misc.Unsafe.park()来阻塞,线程状态为TIMED_WAITING,并不是BLOCKED。

3 小结

1、当由synchronized关键字提供的锁阻塞没有取到锁的线程时,状态为BLOCKED,其它锁阻塞的都不是BLOCKED状态。
2、锁时通过Unsafe.park()阻塞、调用Object.wait()、Thread.join()时,线程状态为WAITING。
3、锁是通过Unsafe.park(timeout)阻塞、调用Object.wait(timeout)、Thread.sleep(timeout)、Thread.join(timeout)时,线程状态为TIMED_WAITING。
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