prolog中的树操作

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本文介绍如何使用Prolog语言编写程序来评估含有变量z的二叉表达式树，并给出具体的实现细节与示例。

在写惯了 C，java这种普通的程序语言后，初识prolog真的有些适应不过来，它只需要你告诉计算机应该干什么，而不用告诉计算机怎么做。

碰到的题目是这样的:

For this question we consider binary expression-trees whose leaves are either of the form tree(empty, Num, empty) where Num is a number, or tree(empty, z, empty) in which case we will think of the letter z as a kind of "variable". Every tree is either a leaf or of the form tree(L, Op, R) where L and R are the left and right subtrees, and Op is one of the arithmetic operators '+', '-', '*', '/' (signifying addition, subtraction, multiplication and division).

Write a predicate tree_eval(Value, Tree, Eval) that binds Eval to the result of evaluating the expression-tree Tree, with the variable z set equal to the specified Value. For example:

?- tree_eval(2, tree(tree(empty,z,empty),
                 '+',tree(tree(empty,1,empty),
                      '/',tree(empty,z,empty))), Eval).
Eval = 2.5 ;
false.

?- tree_eval(5, tree(tree(empty,z,empty),
                 '+',tree(tree(empty,1,empty),
                      '/',tree(empty,z,empty))), Eval).
Eval = 5.2 ;
false.

这题一共有三种情况

先列出一些具体情况
　　
　　tree_eval(Num, tree(empty,X,empty), Eval) :- X=z, Eval is Num.
　　tree_eval(Num, tree(empty,X,empty), Eval) :- number(X), Eval is X.

这些可以看成递归的结束条件

第三种情况：

%case 3, Left or right is a tree calcuate the node's children first.
tree_eval(Num, tree(Left,X,Right), Eval) :-
　　 tree_eval(Num, Left, LeftEval),
　　 tree_eval(Num, Right, RightEval),
X = '-',
Eval is LeftEval - RightEval.

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