Linux之yum和rpm命令报错：Error: rpmdb open failed

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在尝试使用yum安装软件或运行rpm命令时，遇到了rpmdb开启失败的错误，表现为BDB库的线程死亡和数据库恢复失败。解决方案是删除/var/lib/rpm目录下的_db*文件，然后使用rpm --rebuilddb命令重建数据库。执行这些步骤后，yum和rpm命令恢复正常。

拿到一台服务器，再部署项目时，用yum安装软件时，报错如下：

error: rpmdb: BDB0113 Thread/process 9480/140323413588032 failed: BDB1507 Thread died in Berkeley DB library
error: db5 error(-30973) from dbenv->failchk: BDB0087 DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery
error: cannot open Packages index using db5 -  (-30973)
error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm
error: rpmdb: BDB0113 Thread/process 9480/140323413588032 failed: BDB1507 Thread died in Berkeley DB library
error: db5 error(-30973) from dbenv->failchk: BDB0087 DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery
error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# yum list
error: rpmdb: BDB0113 Thread/process 9480/140323413588032 failed: BDB1507 Thread died in Berkeley DB library
error: db5 error(-30973) from dbenv->failchk: BDB0087 DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery
error: cannot open Packages index using db5 -  (-30973)
error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm
CRITICAL:yum.main:

Error: rpmdb open failed
[root@VM-0-5-centos ~]# rpmdb open failed
RPM version 4.11.3
Copyright (C) 1998-2002 - Red Hat, Inc.
This program may be freely redistributed under the terms of the GNU GPL

Usage: rpmdb [-v?] [--initdb] [--rebuilddb] [-D|--define 'MACRO EXPR'] [--undefine=MACRO] [-E|--eval 'EXPR'] [--macros=<FILE:...>] [--noplugins] [--nodigest]
        [--nosignature] [--rcfile=<FILE:...>] [-r|--root ROOT] [--dbpath=DIRECTORY] [--querytags] [--showrc] [--quiet] [-v|--verbose] [--version] [-?|--help]
        [--usage]