使用maven模版创建和管理java helloworld 项目

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本文介绍如何利用Maven模板来创建和管理Java HelloWorld项目，通过-DgroupId和-DartifactId指定项目信息，遵循Maven的标准目录结构。生成的pom.xml文件定义了项目配置、插件和依赖。默认生成的Hello World文件无需改动，可以使用相关Maven指令进行操作。

在上文中(https://blog.csdn.net/solinger/article/details/100935057)，我们没有使用模版，而直接使用maven对helloworld项目进行了管理和构建。

本文中，我们将使用maven模版达到我们的目标。

[wlin@wlin ~]$ mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.example.cara -DartifactId=HelloWorld -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart -DinteractiveMode=false
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------< org.apache.maven:standalone-pom >-------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1
[INFO] --------------------------------[ pom ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] >>> maven-archetype-plugin:3.1.2:generate (default-cli) > generate-sources @ standalone-pom >>>
[INFO] 
[INFO] <<< maven-archetype-plugin:3.1.2:generate (default-cli) < generate-sources @ standalone-pom <<<
[INFO] 
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-archetype-plugin:3.1.2:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom ---
[INFO] Generating project in Batch mode
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.0
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: /home/wlin
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.example.cara
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.example.cara
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: HelloWorld
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.example.cara
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: /home/wlin/HelloWorld
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  9.791 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-09-17T19:37:03+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[wlin@wlin ~]$ cd HelloWorld/
[wlin@wlin HelloWorld]$ tree
.
├── pom.xml
└── src
    ├── main
    │   └── java
    │       └── com
    │           └── example
    │               └── cara
    │                   └── App.java
    └── test
        └── java
            └── com
                └── example
                    └── cara
                        └── AppTest.java

11 directories, 3 files

其中：-DgroupId用来指定package名字，-DartifactId用来指定project名字

则我们可以看到，源代码放在src/main/java目录下，测试代码放在src/test/java/。这是符合maven目录标准布局的。

也是我们为什么不使用模版也这样放置代码的原因。更多目录标准，可见：

http://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-the-standard-directory-layout.html

且在这一步中生成了一个标准的pom.xml，定义目录结构，项目插件，项目依赖，如何构建项目等。关于pom，可参考：

http://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-the-pom.html

查看生成的默认文件

[wlin@wlin HelloWorld]$ cat src/main/java/com/example/cara/App.java 
package com.example.cara;

/**
 * Hello world!
 *
 */
public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        System.out.println( "Hello World!" );
    }
}

则就是我们希望的hello world文件，这里不进行改动。

则让我们尝试相关mvn指令

[wlin@wlin HelloWorld]$ mvn compile
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] --------------------< com.example.cara:HelloWorld >---------------------
[INFO] Building HelloWorld 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ HelloWorld ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /home/wlin/HelloWorld/src/main/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ HelloWorld ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /home/wlin/HelloWorld/target/classes
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.847 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-09-17T19:44:20+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[wlin@wlin HelloWorld]$ mvn test
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] --------------------< com.example.cara:HelloWorld >---------------------
[INFO] Building HelloWorld 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ HelloWorld ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /home/wlin/HelloWorld/src/main/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ HelloWorld ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ HelloWorld ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /home/wlin/HelloWorld/src/test/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ HelloWorld ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /home/wlin/HelloWorld/target/test-classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ HelloWorld ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: /home/wlin/HelloWorld/target/surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.example.cara.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.006 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  1.211 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-09-17T19:44:29+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[wlin@wlin HelloWorld]$  mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=com.example.cara.App
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] --------------------< com.example.cara:HelloWorld >---------------------
[INFO] Building HelloWorld 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- exec-maven-plugin:1.6.0:java (default-cli) @ HelloWorld ---
Hello World!
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.520 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-09-17T19:46:31+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[wlin@wlin HelloWorld]$ mvn package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] --------------------< com.example.cara:HelloWorld >---------------------
[INFO] Building HelloWorld 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ HelloWorld ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /home/wlin/HelloWorld/src/main/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ HelloWorld ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ HelloWorld ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /home/wlin/HelloWorld/src/test/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ HelloWorld ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ HelloWorld ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: /home/wlin/HelloWorld/target/surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.example.cara.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.005 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ HelloWorld ---
[INFO] Building jar: /home/wlin/HelloWorld/target/HelloWorld-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  1.094 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-09-17T19:46:47+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[wlin@wlin HelloWorld]$ mvn clean
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] --------------------< com.example.cara:HelloWorld >---------------------
[INFO] Building HelloWorld 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ HelloWorld ---
[INFO] Deleting /home/wlin/HelloWorld/target
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.208 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-09-17T19:47:03+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------