设计模式之观察者模式

最新推荐文章于 2026-06-25 22:23:12 发布

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#设计模式 #float #class #interface #import

本文介绍了一种使用观察者模式实现天气站数据更新的方法，并展示了如何通过两种不同方式（自定义接口和利用Java内置Observable类）来实现这一模式。此外，还提供了一个Swing组件中按钮监听的例子。

public interface Subject {

public void registerObserver(Observer o);

public void removeObserver(Observer o);

public void notifyObservers();

}

public interface Observer {

public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure);

}

public interface DisplayElement {

public void display();

}

public class WeatherData implements Subject {

private ArrayList observers;

private float temperature;

private float humidity;

private float pressure;

public WeatherData() {

observers = new ArrayList();

}

public void registerObserver(Observer o) {

observers.add(o);

}

public void removeObserver(Observer o) {

int i = observers.indexOf(o);

if (i >=0) {

observers.remove(i);

}

public void notifyObservers() {

for (int i=0; i<observers.size(); i++) {

Observer observer = (Observer)observers.get(i);

observer.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);

}

public void measurementsChanged() {

notifyObservers();

}

public void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity,

float pressure) {

this.temperature = temperature;

this.humidity = humidity;

this.pressure = pressure;

measurementsChanged();

}

//WeatherData的其他方法

}

public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {

private float temperature;

private float humidity;

private Subject weatherData;

public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Subject weatherData) {

this.weatherData = weatherData;

weatherData.registerObserver(this);

}

public void update(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) {

this.temperature = temperature;

this.humidity = humidity;

this.pressure = pressure;

display();

}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Current conditions: " + temperature + "F degress and " +

humidity + "% humidity");

}

public class WeatherStation {

public static void main(String[] args) {

WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();

CurrentConditionsDisplay currentDisplay =

new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherData);

StatisticsDisplay statisticsDisplay = new StatisticsDisplay(weatherData);

ForecastDisplay forecastDisplay = new ForecastDisplay(weatherData);

weatherData.setMeasurements(80, 65, 30.4f);

weatherData.setMeasurements(82, 70, 29.2f);

weatherData.setMeasurements(78, 90, 29.2f);

}

==>

Current conditions: 80.0F degrees and 65.0% humidity

Avg/Max/Min temperature = 80.0/80.0/80.0

Forecast: Improving weather on the way!

……

利用内置的支持重做WorkStation

import java.util.Observable;

import java.util.Observer;

public class WeatherData extends Observable {

private float temperature;

private float humidity;

private float pressure;

public WeatherData() {

}

public void measurementsChanged() {

setChanged();

notifyObservers();

}

public void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity,

float pressure) {

this.temperature = temperature;

this.humidity = humidity;

this.pressure = pressure;

measurementsChanged();

}

public float getTemperature() {

return temperature;

}

public float getHumidity() {

return humidity;

}

public float getPressure() {

return pressure;

}

import java.util.Observable;

import java.util.Observer;

public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {

Observable observable;

private float temperature;

private float humidity;

public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Observable observable) {

this.observable = observable;

observable.addObserver(this);

}

public void update(Observable obs, Object arg) {

if (obs instanceof WeatherData) {

WeatherData weatherData = (WeatherData)obs;

this.temperature = weatherData.getTemperature();

this.humidity = weatherData.getHumidity();

display();

}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Current conditions: " + temperature + "F degress and " +

humidity + "% humidity");

}

==Swing==

public class SwingObserverExample {

JFrame frame;

public static void main(String[] args) {

SwingObserverExample example = new SwingObserverExample();

example.go();

}

public void go() {

frame = new JFrame();

JButton button = new JButton("Should I do it?");

button.addActionListener(new AngelListener());

button.addActionListener(new DevilListener());

frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.CENTER, button);

//在这里设置frame属性

}

class AngelListener implements ActionListener {

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {

System.out.println("Don't do it, you might regret it!");

}

class DevilListener implements ActionListener {

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {

System.out.println("Come on, do it!");

}