一、准备工作:
1、首先我们创建测试数据库:
create database demo
2、创建数据表和测试数据:(这里注意外键控制)
use demo
CREATE TABLE student
(
stuid int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
stuname varchar(50)
)
CREATE TABLE score
(
stuid int NOT NULL REFERENCES student(stuid),
score int
)
GO
INSERT INTO student VALUES (101,'zhangsan')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (102,'wangwu')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (103,'lishi')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (104,'maliu')
GO
CREATE TABLE student
(
stuid int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
stuname varchar(50)
)
CREATE TABLE score
(
stuid int NOT NULL REFERENCES student(stuid),
score int
)
GO
INSERT INTO student VALUES (101,'zhangsan')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (102,'wangwu')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (103,'lishi')
INSERT INTO student VALUES (104,'maliu')
GO
二、各种用法及输出结果:
1、语句1:
use demo
--Invoking a run-time error
SET XACT_ABORT OFF
BEGIN TRAN
INSERT INTO score VALUES (101,90)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (102,78)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (107,76) /**//* Foreign Key Error */
INSERT INTO score VALUES (103,81)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (104,65)
COMMIT TRAN
go
--Invoking a run-time error
SET XACT_ABORT OFF
BEGIN TRAN
INSERT INTO score VALUES (101,90)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (102,78)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (107,76) /**//* Foreign Key Error */
INSERT INTO score VALUES (103,81)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (104,65)
COMMIT TRAN
go
结果1:只回滚错误行,语句还继续执行。
--select * from score
101 90
102 78
103 81
104 65
101 90
102 78
103 81
104 65
2、语句2:
use demo
--事务回滚
SET XACT_ABORT on
BEGIN TRAN
INSERT INTO score VALUES (101,90)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (102,78)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (107,76) /**//* Foreign Key Error */
INSERT INTO score VALUES (103,81)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (104,65)
COMMIT TRAN
go
--事务回滚
SET XACT_ABORT on
BEGIN TRAN
INSERT INTO score VALUES (101,90)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (102,78)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (107,76) /**//* Foreign Key Error */
INSERT INTO score VALUES (103,81)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (104,65)
COMMIT TRAN
go
结果2:事务终止并全部回滚,结果为空。
--select * from score
3、语句3:
use demo
--事务在错误行终止,错误行回滚,错误行之前的不回滚
SET XACT_ABORT on
BEGIN
INSERT INTO score VALUES (101,90)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (102,78)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (107,76) /**//* Foreign Key Error */
INSERT INTO score VALUES (103,81)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (104,65)
END
go
--事务在错误行终止,错误行回滚,错误行之前的不回滚
SET XACT_ABORT on
BEGIN
INSERT INTO score VALUES (101,90)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (102,78)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (107,76) /**//* Foreign Key Error */
INSERT INTO score VALUES (103,81)
INSERT INTO score VALUES (104,65)
END
go
结果3:出现这种是因为系统把每个insert语句都看成是单独的事务,所以错误行以前的是不回滚的。
--select * from score
101 90
102 78
101 90
102 78
本文详细介绍了SQL中事务控制语句的使用方法及在数据操作中的应用场景,包括设置事务回滚策略、处理外键约束错误等关键点,并通过具体实例展示了不同事务控制策略下数据操作的结果。

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