Ubuntu16.04 安装 Docker 使用

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本文详细介绍了在Ubuntu16.04上安装和使用Docker的步骤，包括删除镜像、容器，如何进入容器，以及docker-compose的安装。同时，文章还列举并解答了在操作过程中可能遇到的常见问题，如删除被占用的容器、切换用户失败、dpkg锁定等问题的解决方法。

删除镜像：

ruyulin@ruyulin-virtual-machine:~/myDocker$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY                                   TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker-whale                                 latest              bd170213fbda        8 hours ago         277MB
hello-world                                  latest              f2a91732366c        2 months ago        1.85kB
thedarkknight/libreoffice-online-unlimited   latest              8041b7d15eea        7 months ago        5.32GB
liuedy/alpine-libreoffice                    latest              1f4dde8b0efe        15 months ago       441MB
docker/whalesay                              latest              6b362a9f73eb        2 years ago         247MB
tobegit3hub/dockerized-openoffice            latest              4e13bd8c7492        3 years ago         1.53GB
learn/tutorial                               latest              a7876479f1aa        4 years ago         128MB
ruyulin@ruyulin-virtual-machine:~/myDocker$ sudo docker rmi 8041b7d15eea
Untagged: thedarkknight/libreoffice-online-unlimited:latest
Untagged: thedarkknight/libreoffice-online-unlimited@sha256:0a5176ea2dc557c754bb6bf32a443b2637125c377363c9ed65cc712d27a6892a
Deleted: sha256:8041b7d15eea37243fc95f9151b150bdc5feb568aba0bdcd36af07ca71822445
Deleted: sha256:f74868196e1d675eb59f9ebc65f0b2fbb3199853060ed98baccde7dcdf203f27
Deleted: sha256:a3d2c430fd3f57c7a2504c6eaa1377273a7584438f512bdbaeeb8b4e4335dd93
Deleted: sha256:8d37dffe8f26c4be1829a0e561beefba8100569f8daa077add4a104bf90d31aa
Deleted: sha256:5ae82696b3fd0d3cd303678e18d4e92eac31223cc8f1ae2bfe01bf2b89420b59
Deleted: sha256:e3ccd1c3b714d7a487a4a586b06d73c95dee5580e7951a09f4cfa95373949c4a
Deleted: sha256:0880e9f2b40a5231e71678a5b48c58404ee17f371b50a9793e911198f144e117
Deleted: sha256:aca28385dcdf7bd84bdd685174fe34a4b588de0e295ea83fcf8943a0072275ba
Deleted: sha256:664163ae07bfc827df5b1b527a1773a24f6016c39697c3c1910d1ed597fcd705
Deleted: sha256:39559532ad7513c51b29327e7aae736520f33a82317d97f3592e94304410992b
Deleted: sha256:9f4e8fd9ec3fa9444a339ab43d868d061ce8bf311051757f84aa5296175e9e19
Deleted: sha256:f9b69e547012a297ccbf6f87db9380fd3bc577afbfea7a7f4b6fc7c94d856dc9
Deleted: sha256:9ba78cc0b23b74bef6d1c2b4d4ec7fc7fe8be405de0acb5ef06cfa50c49f4fd8
Deleted: sha256:bbbbee0101703105e9bddb3a26b14a16c1ca23702174827489e524c2e79f67ec
Deleted: sha256:2475d11728a0e6cee2f87d70360e29d3f8bb25d5eae455f7184312251b7a202d
Deleted: sha256:06d15dde16b8b5a58b9bb04f601f490d19f46daa4dcdbbbd4b66f6d7adf783a8
Deleted: sha256:6b9c87180a3ace36b09039e9da070be8cc4c949be2fce10505bd7da269b71acb
Deleted: sha256:336727382bdb3e9a2c037ebe60abe7d8627670b3680c73bf6ecf6fefbc05ec00
Deleted: sha256:166eb323626ef3c3e9ec85da96e8a8d270be4defd44ccd22fe4a70c03c6bf20a
Deleted: sha256:3dd2032d5abf89fb6ff28ca8b70712914390dca7ff6663836e3c07f9e4fb17cc
Deleted: sha256:bc294348517e57358ab839de6af7a49ff4fd0492a4d9f71542578dcaa5aab718
Deleted: sha256:4dd30d2ab523659b3fa3f0ad8db586ca7ffb56c51f3fc7d9d51cd515b0395d1a
Deleted: sha256:1f715a68b24548bcb4f48fee52200b529ee80ddda1398c6733f5849df2eb1d14
Deleted: sha256:a287b03e902b32e4f4a95a69b6327649884875d3ed544762e7c520524b91b4e1
Deleted: sha256:8afb951cf7518884e3e1d148074b821eabac926acca0f54e15c481a4820ec1b7
Deleted: sha256:acb62e7ac05455c9d16d902def681fbbf6eb034a262dd7cfe0a9e4e05d5ffe0f
Deleted: sha256:b8a91b15c51f82d5b030e51ac441e19831a88300191d14d704704ce8b7fee0f3
Deleted: sha256:c5e6ce2499f0879b73eae217502fa622fd0e55489fc3ad6e6ecfbccb159c320d

删除容器：

ruyulin@ruyulin-virtual-machine:~/myDocker$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                        COMMAND                 CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
69e5f3aa7b54        liuedy/alpine-libreoffice                    "/usr/bin/startoo.sh"   8 hours ago         Exited (137) 8 hours ago                       cranky_chatterjee
1348ec5b9de0        liuedy/alpine-libreoffice                    "/usr/bin/startoo.sh"   9 hours ago         Exited (137) 8 hours ago                       dreamy_engelbart
5056e4dfdcf7        thedarkknight/libreoffice-online-unlimited   "/run-lool.sh"          9 hours ago         Exited (137) 9 hours ago                       laughing_hodgkin
02c646b7e485        tobegit3hub/dockerized-openoffice            "/startup.sh"           9 hours ago         Exited (137) 9 hours ago                       condescending_morse
1ba928f6829b        learn/tutorial                               "echo 'hello word'"     10 hours ago        Exited (0) 10 hours ago                        amazing_pike
cdf477c13091        hello-world                                  "/hello"                10 hours ago        Exited (0) 10 hours ago                        quizzical_snyder
36cf6d27af13        hello-world                                  "/hello"                10 hours ago        Exited (0) 10 hours ago                        relaxed_goodall
ruyulin@ruyulin-virtual-machine:~/myDocker$ sudo docker rm 5056e4dfdcf7 
5056e4dfdcf7

进入容器：

ruyulin@ruyulin-virtual-machine:~$ sudo docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS                NAMES
208542c4fa5f        nginx                               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   26 seconds ago      Up 25 seconds               0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   gallant_engelbart
02c646b7e485        tobegit3hub/dockerized-openoffice   "/startup.sh"            10 hours ago        Exited (137) 10 hours ago                        condescending_morse
1ba928f6829b        learn/tutorial                      "echo 'hello word'"      10 hours ago        Exited (0) 10 hours ago                          amazing_pike
cdf477c13091        hello-world                         "/hello"                 10 hours ago        Exited (0) 10 hours ago                          quizzical_snyder
36cf6d27af13        hello-world                         "/hello"                 10 hours ago        Exited (0) 10 hours ago                          relaxed_goodall
ruyulin@ruyulin-virtual-machine:~$ sudo docker exec -it 208542c4fa5f /bin/bash

docker-compose安装

1，下载docker-compose
$ sudo curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.17.0/docker-compose-uname -s-uname -m -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
2，授权
$sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose 3，查看版本信息$ docker-compose –version
显示出版本信息，即安装成功。

常见问题

Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 8041b7d15eea (must be forced) - image is being used by stopped container 5056e4dfdcf7

解决：
因为容器还存在，所以及时容器没有启动也不能删除镜像
docker rm

ruyulin@ruyulin-virtual-machine:~/myDocker $sudo docker run -v$ HOME/Documents:/home/libreoffice/Documents:rw -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix -e uid= $(id -u) -e gid=$ (id -g) -e DISPLAY=unix$DISPLAY –name libreoffice chrisdaish/libreoffice

su: authentication failure 切换用户失败

解决
ubuntu16.04系统的root用户没有激活

ruyulin@ruyulin-virtual-machine:/var/lib/docker $sudo passwd Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully ruyulin@ruyulin-virtual-machine:/var/lib/docker$ su
Password:
root@ruyulin-virtual-machine:/var/lib/docker# cd tmp

删除用户问题

sudo userdel -r docker

userdel: user docker is currently used by proces

退出终端后，重新进入终端在删除试试

E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), is another process using it?

解决：
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock
sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock
sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock