rabbitmq高级特性（延迟队列）

最新推荐文章于 2025-08-09 09:36:29 发布

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本文介绍了如何在Spring Boot应用中使用RabbitMQ配置延迟队列和死信交换机。通过配置YAML文件设置RabbitMQ服务器连接，并在代码中创建交换机和队列，将正常队列绑定到死信交换机，设置消息过期时间和死信路由。在测试中发送消息到延迟队列，消费者监听死信队列进行业务处理。

延迟队列

使用场景

在这里插入图片描述

生产者

1.maven依赖

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

2.yml配置文件

server:
  port: 9004

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.56.101
    port: 5672
    virtual-host: /ems
    username: admin
    password: admin

3.队列、交换机配置类

/**
 * @author xiaozikang
 * @date 2020/10/14 20:42
 * @Email:xiaozikangwy@163.com
 */

@Configuration
public class RabbitmqConfig {

    public static final String TTL_ORDER_EXCHANGE = "ttlOrderExchange";
    public static final String DLX_ORDER_EXCHANGE = "dlxOrderExchange";
    public static final String TTL_ORDER_QUEUE = "ttlOrderQueue";
    public static final String DLX_ORDER_QUEUE = "dlxOrderQueue";

    @Bean("ttlOrderExchange")
    public Exchange ttlOrderExchange(){
        return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(TTL_ORDER_EXCHANGE).durable(true).build();
    }

    @Bean("ttlOrderQueue")
    public Queue ttlOrderQueue(){
        // 1.正常队列绑定死信交换机
        HashMap<String, Object> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
        hashMap.put("x-dead-letter-exchange",DLX_ORDER_EXCHANGE);
        // 2.正常队列发送给死信交换机路由key
        hashMap.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key","dlx.xiao");
        // 3.该队列过期时间
        hashMap.put("x-message-ttl",10000);
        return QueueBuilder.durable(TTL_ORDER_QUEUE).withArguments(hashMap).build();
    }

    @Bean("dlxOrderExchange")
    public Exchange dlxOrderExchange(){
        return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(DLX_ORDER_EXCHANGE).durable(true).build();
    }

    @Bean("dlxOrderQueue")
    public Queue dlxOrderQueue(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(DLX_ORDER_QUEUE).build();
    }

    @Bean("ttlBinding")
    public Binding ttlBinding(
            @Qualifier("ttlOrderQueue") Queue ttlOrderQueue,
            @Qualifier("ttlOrderExchange") Exchange ttlOrderExchange
    ){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(ttlOrderQueue).to(ttlOrderExchange).with("ttl.#").noargs();
    }

    @Bean("dlxBinding")
    public Binding dlxBinding(
            @Qualifier("dlxOrderQueue") Queue dlxOrderQueue,
            @Qualifier("dlxOrderExchange") Exchange dlxOrderExchange
    ){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(dlxOrderQueue).to(dlxOrderExchange).with("dlx.#").noargs();
    }

}

5.发送消息

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringbootRabbitmqProducerOrderTtlDlxApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitmqConfig.TTL_ORDER_EXCHANGE,"ttl.xiao","订单编号为1");
    }

}

消费者

/**
 * @author xiaozikang
 * @date 2020/10/14 17:21
 * @Email:xiaozikangwy@163.com
 */

@Component
public class Consumer {

    // 监听死信队列
    @RabbitListener(queues = "dlxOrderQueue") 
    public void process(String msg, Channel channel, Message message) throws IOException {
        long deliveryTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();
        try {
            System.out.println("处理业务");
            System.out.println("根据订单号查询订单是否支付，如果没有支付回滚库存，否则不处理");
            channel.basicAck(deliveryTag,true);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            channel.basicNack(deliveryTag,true,true);
        }
    }

}