Java版本设计模式——创建型模式
1、创建型模式
1.1、单例模式
单例模式顾名思义,就是全局就只有一个类。该类负责创建自己,同时需要保证只有单个对象被创建。单例模式有多种实现方案,具体如下:
1.1.1、懒汉模式
懒汉模式可以理解为,用到时再创建,否则不创建。
1.1.1.1、简单静态属性方式
此方式简单易懂,但线程不安全。
/**
* 类似功能描述:
*
* @author Jeffwu
*/
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton singleton = null;
private Singleton(){}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
//不安全点
if (null == singleton) {
singleton = new Singleton();
}
return singleton;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Singleton instance = Singleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance);
}
}
改进版线程安全
/**
* 类似功能描述:
*
* @author Jeffwu
*/
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton singleton = null;
private Singleton(){}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
//不安全点
if (null == singleton) {
singleton = new Singleton();
}
return singleton;
}
public static synchronized void main(String[] args) {
Singleton instance = Singleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance);
}
}
1.1.1.2、双重校验方式
该方式能实现懒加载,线程安全。不过此实现方式较为复杂。
/**
* 类似功能描述:
*
* @author Jeffwu
*/
public class Singleton {
private static volatile Singleton singleton = null;
private Singleton(){}
public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {
if (null == singleton) {
synchronized (Singleton.class) {
if (null == singleton) {
singleton = new Singleton();
}
}
}
return singleton;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Singleton instance = Singleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance);
}
}
1.1.1.3、静态内部类方式
该方式能实现懒加载,线程安全。不过此实现方式难度一般。之所以能懒加载与线程安全,得益于JVM的类加载。
/**
* 类似功能描述:
*
* @author Jeffwu
*/
public class Singleton {
static class SingletonHolder {
private final static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();
}
private Singleton(){}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
return SingletonHolder.singleton;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Singleton instance = Singleton.getInstance();
System.out.println(instance);
}
}
1.1.1.4、枚举方式
枚举是单例实现的最佳方法。因它简洁,自动支持序列化机制,防止反序列化重新创建对象,绝对防止多次实例化。线程安全,非懒加载方式。
/**
* 类似功能描述:
*
* @author Jeffwu
*/
public enum Singleton {
SINGLETON;
public void test() {
}
}
1.1.2、恶汉模式
恶汉模式可以理解为,不管用不用我,我都在这里。
/**
* 类似功能描述:
*
* @author Jeffwu
*/
public class Singleton {
private final static Singleton SINGLETON = new Singleton();
public Singleton getSingleton() {
return SINGLETON;
}
}
1.2、静态工厂模式(方法)
**优点:**工厂模式提供一种将对象的实例化过程封装在工厂类中的方式。使用工厂模式,可以将对象的创建与使用进行解耦,提供一种统一的接口创建不同的对象。
**缺点:**新增新对象,需要改动工厂类的代码。
/**
* 类似功能描述: 工厂设计模式:
* 1、静态工厂
* 2、抽象工厂
*
* @author Jeffwu
*/
public class ProductFactoryDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Speed bicycle = SpeedFactory.speed("Bicycle");
System.out.println("自行车速度:"+bicycle.speed());
Speed saloon = SpeedFactory.speed("Saloon");
System.out.println("轿车速度:"+saloon.speed());
Speed truck = SpeedFactory.speed("Truck");
System.out.println("卡车速度:"+truck.speed());
}
}
/**
* 获取速度的接口
*/
interface Speed {
int speed();
}
/**
* 获取轿车速度
*/
class Saloon implements Speed {
@Override
public int speed() {
return 380;
}
}
/**
* 获取卡车速度
*/
class Truck implements Speed {
@Override
public int speed() {
return 120;
}
}
/**
* 获取自行车速度
*/
class Bicycle implements Speed {
@Override
public int speed() {
return 20;
}
}
/**
* 获取速度的工厂
*/
class SpeedFactory {
static Speed speed(String type) {
Speed speed = null;
if ("Saloon".equals(type)) {
speed = new Saloon();
} else if ("Truck".equals(type)) {
speed = new Truck();
} else if ("Bicycle".equals(type)) {
speed = new Bicycle();
}
return speed;
}
}
1.3、抽象工厂模式
**优点:**抽象工厂是负责创建其他工厂,其方法只负责创建相关的对象工厂,不需要显式的知道他们的类。通过抽象工厂可以将客户端与具体产品的创建过程进行解耦。
**缺点:**新增一类工厂时,需要改动的代码很多。如抽象工厂要提供新抽象方法,之前实现的具体工厂实现抽象类新增的方法,工厂提供类获取工厂的方法。
**改进:**①抽象工厂的方法在抽象类定义,不做具体实现,由子类自行实现。②使用接口(JDK8),接口类实现方法,但不做具体实现。
package com.wq.fx;
/**
* 类似功能描述: 工厂设计模式:
* 1、静态工厂
* 2、抽象工厂
*
* @author Jeffwu
*/
public class ProductFactoryDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AbstractFactory speedFactory = FactoryProducer.getFactory("Speed");
Speed bicycle = speedFactory.getSpeed("Bicycle");
System.out.println("自行车速度:"+bicycle.speed());
Speed saloon = speedFactory.getSpeed("Saloon");
System.out.println("轿车速度:"+saloon.speed());
Speed truck = speedFactory.getSpeed("Truck");
System.out.println("卡车速度:"+truck.speed());
AbstractFactory colorFactory = FactoryProducer.getFactory("color");
Color red = colorFactory.getColor("Red");
System.out.println("颜色:"+red.color());
Color green = colorFactory.getColor("Green");
System.out.println("颜色:"+green.color());
Color yellow = colorFactory.getColor("Yellow");
System.out.println("颜色:"+yellow.color());
}
}
interface Speed {
int speed();
}
class Saloon implements Speed {
@Override
public int speed() {
return 380;
}
}
class Truck implements Speed {
@Override
public int speed() {
return 120;
}
}
class Bicycle implements Speed {
@Override
public int speed() {
return 20;
}
}
/**
* 获取颜色
*/
interface Color {
String color();
}
class Red implements Color {
@Override
public String color() {
return "红色";
}
}
class Green implements Color {
@Override
public String color() {
return "绿色";
}
}
class Yellow implements Color {
@Override
public String color() {
return "黄色";
}
}
abstract class AbstractFactory {
public abstract Speed getSpeed(String type);
public abstract Color getColor(String type);
}
class SpeedFactory extends AbstractFactory {
public Speed getSpeed(String type) {
Speed speed = null;
if ("Saloon".equals(type)) {
speed = new Saloon();
} else if ("Truck".equals(type)) {
speed = new Truck();
} else if ("Bicycle".equals(type)) {
speed = new Bicycle();
}
return speed;
}
@Override
public Color getColor(String type) {
//速度工厂不对这进行实现
return null;
}
}
class ColorFactory extends AbstractFactory {
public Speed getSpeed(String type) {
//颜色工厂不对这进行实现
return null;
}
@Override
public Color getColor(String type) {
Color color = null;
if ("Red".equals(type)) {
color = new Red();
} else if ("Green".equals(type)) {
color = new Green();
} else if ("Yellow".equals(type)) {
color = new Yellow();
}
return color;
}
}
class FactoryProducer {
public static AbstractFactory getFactory(String factoryType) {
AbstractFactory factory = null;
if ("Speed".equalsIgnoreCase(factoryType)) {
factory = new SpeedFactory();
} else if ("color".equalsIgnoreCase(factoryType)) {
factory = new ColorFactory();
}
return factory;
}
}
1.4、建造者模式
该模式会一步步的构造好最终的对象,把一些复杂化简化一些。该builder独立于其他对象。
/**
* 类似功能描述:
*
* @author Jeffwu
*/
public class BuilderDemo {
static class Person {
String id;
String name;
String sex;
String age;
String address;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"id='" + id + '\'' +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
", age='" + age + '\'' +
", address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
static class PersonBuilder {
private final Person person;
public PersonBuilder() {
person = new Person();
}
public PersonBuilder id(String id) {
person.setId(id);
return this;
}
public PersonBuilder name(String name) {
person.setName(name);
return this;
}
public PersonBuilder age(String age) {
person.setAge(age);
return this;
}
public PersonBuilder sex(String sex) {
person.setSex(sex);
return this;
}
public PersonBuilder address(String address) {
person.setAddress(address);
return this;
}
public Person build() {
return this.person;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person build = new PersonBuilder().id("1").age("20").sex("男").name("测试").address("测试").build();
System.out.println(build);
}
}
JDK1.8以上(含)实现方式
package com.wq.fx;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
/**
* 类似功能描述:
*
* @author Jeffwu
*/
public class Jdk8Builder<T> {
private final Supplier<T> constructor;
private final List<Consumer<T>> fields = new ArrayList<>();
public Jdk8Builder(Supplier<T> constructor) {
this.constructor = constructor;
}
public <U> Jdk8Builder<T> with(BiConsumer<T, U> consumer, U v) {
Consumer<T> tt = in -> consumer.accept(in, v);
fields.add(tt);
return this;
}
public <U> Jdk8Builder<T> with(boolean condition, BiConsumer<T, U> consumer, U v) {
if (condition && null != v) {
Consumer<T> tt = in -> consumer.accept(in, v);
fields.add(tt);
}
return this;
}
public T build() {
if (null == constructor) {
return null;
}
T t = constructor.get();
fields.forEach(e -> e.accept(t));
return t;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person = new Jdk8Builder<>(Person::new)
.with(Person::setId, "1")
.with(Person::setName, "测试")
.with(Person::setAge, "18")
.with(Person::setSex, "女")
.with(Person::setAddress, "测试地址")
.build();
System.out.println(person);
}
}
class Person {
String id;
String name;
String sex;
String age;
String address;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"id='" + id + '\'' +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
", age='" + age + '\'' +
", address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
1.5、原型模式
此类模式是在直接创建对象代价较大时采用的一种模式,该模式是通过克隆拷贝原型对象创建新对象。
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 类似功能描述:
*
* @author Jeffwu
*/
public class PrototypeDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Color color = ColorProducer.getColor(1);
System.out.println(color);
Color color2 = ColorProducer.getColor(2);
System.out.println(color2);
}
static abstract class Color implements Cloneable {
protected int type;
protected String color;
@Override
protected Object clone() {
try {
return super.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
return null;
}
}
public int getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(int type) {
this.type = type;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Color{" +
"type=" + type +
", color='" + color + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
static class Red extends Color {
public Red() {
type = 1;
color = "红色";
}
}
static class Green extends Color {
public Green() {
type = 2;
color = "绿色";
}
}
static class ColorProducer {
private final static Map<Integer, Color> cache = new HashMap<Integer, Color>(16);
static {
//初始化一些
Red red = new Red();
cache.put(red.getType(), red);
Green green = new Green();
cache.put(green.getType(), green);
}
public static Color getColor(Integer type) {
if (null == type) {
return null;
}
Color color = cache.get(type);
if (null != color) {
return (Color) color.clone();
}
return null;
}
}
}
下一篇:Java版本设计模式——行为型模式
本文介绍了Java中创建型设计模式,包括单例模式(懒汉模式、双重校验、静态内部类、枚举方式)、静态工厂模式、抽象工厂模式、建造者模式和原型模式。详细阐述了各种模式的实现方式、优缺点以及适用场景。

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