CentOS 7通过 yum 安装 Mariadb详细步骤

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本文详细介绍了在CentOS7系统中安装、配置和启动MariaDB数据库的步骤，包括删除旧版本、安装服务及客户端、更改字符集配置等关键操作。

进入 CentOS 7，输入 su root 切换权限，输入密码。

1.删除旧版本

输入如下指令查看当前拥有的数据库

# rpm -qa | grep mariadb

用命令 yum 删除以上的数据库，若有多个则同理删除

# yum remove mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64

2.安装

安装 mariadb 服务

# yum install -y mariadb-server

安装 mariadb 命令行客户端

# yum install -y mariadb

安装 mariadb C library

# yum install -y mariadb-libs

安装 mariadb 开发包

# yum install -y mariadb-devel

3.更改配置

通过 vim 更改配置

1.更改 /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf 文件

# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf

进入以下页面，此时不能编辑，需要按一下 i 键进入编辑模式。编辑结束后先按 esc 按键，然后按：wq 表示保存退出。

在该文件配置以下内容：

[client]
default-character-set = utf8
[client-mariadb]

2.更改 /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf 文件，[mysql] 下加一行配置 default-character-set=utf8

# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf

最终内容

#
# These groups are read by MariaDB command-line tools
# Use it for options that affect only one utility
#

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

[mysql_upgrade]

[mysqladmin]

[mysqlbinlog]

[mysqlcheck]

[mysqldump]

[mysqlimport]

[mysqlshow]

[mysqlslap]

3.更改 /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf 配置

# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf

[mysqld] 下加配置

collation-server = utf8_general_ci

init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'

character-set-server = utf8

sql-mode = TRADITIONAL

最终内容

#
# These groups are read by MariaDB server.
# Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
#
# See the examples of server my.cnf files in /usr/share/mysql/
#

# this is read by the standalone daemon and embedded servers
[server]

# this is only for the mysqld standalone daemon
[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8

sql-mode = TRADITIONAL

# this is only for embedded server
[embedded]

# This group is only read by MariaDB-5.5 servers.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MariaDB of different versions,
# use this group for options that older servers don't understand
[mysqld-5.5]

# These two groups are only read by MariaDB servers, not by MySQL.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
# you can put MariaDB-only options here
[mariadb]

[mariadb-5.5]

4.启动

启动服务

# systemctl start mariadb

设置服务开启自启动

# systemctl enable mariadb

查看服务状态

# systemctl status mariadb

可能的输出为，注意到 Active 状态为 active (running)

测试连接

使用命令行客户端尝试连接

# mysql -uroot

可能的输出为

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

查看 mariadb 版本号，输入 select version();

MariaDB [(none)]> select version();
+----------------+
| version()      |
+----------------+
| 5.5.60-MariaDB |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

需要退出数据库时按 ctrl+D

目前 mariadb 用户是没有密码的，需要执行以下步骤设置密码：

# mysql_secure_installation

选择 Y/N 的时候都选 Y，

在

New password:

Re-enter new password:

时设置你自己的 root 密码

使用命令行客户端尝试连接（带密码）

# mysql -uroot -p

随后输入你刚才设置的密码，可能的输出为

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>