操作系统知识总结

memory management

Buddy algorithm：https://blog.csdn.net/chudongfang2015/article/details/79433748
TLB（translation lookaside buffer）： 不查page table，快速映射到物理地址
COW(copy on write):https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/48147304

I/O

IRQ：https://blog.csdn.net/wangjianno2/article/details/50529991
串口并口和com口：https://www.jianshu.com/p/b6dd8f48142b
内存映射（MIMO）与端口映射（PortIO）：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/37715216
精确中断和非精确中断（与精确异常解释应该类似）：https://blog.csdn.net/hsly_support/article/details/8491289
轮询（Polling）:是一种CPU决策如何提供周边设备服务的方式，又称“程控输入输出”（Programmed I/O）。轮询法的概念是：由CPU定时发出询问，依序询问每一个周边设备是否需要其服务，有即给予服务，服务结束后再问下一个周边，接着不断周而复始。
DMA(Direct memory access):https://blog.csdn.net/zinnc/article/details/79019141
IOMMU(Input/Output Memory Management Unit)：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/348826888
设备的major和minor: https://nanxiao.me/linux-kernel-note-20-device-major-minor-number/
Hard Disk Perform:https://www.cnblogs.com/AmilyWilly/p/4704384.html(seek+rotation delay + transfer byte)
饥饿（starvation）是指在并发计算中，进程一直无法获得运行所需的必要资源而发生的问题[1]。排程、互斥锁算法、资源泄露（英语：Resource leak）等都可能导致饥饿，或者在被DoS攻击（如fork炸弹）时主动产生饥饿。
CFQ算法（和deadline算法有类似点）：https://blog.51cto.com/alanwu/1393078
device handler和device drivers的区别：https://www.tl80.cn/article/198231
RAID:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/119452913
https://blog.csdn.net/ChenVast/article/details/77906712
LVM（逻辑卷管理）：https://blog.51cto.com/u_15052541/4536500

other IO related funcs and techs

disk cache: reduce average memory access time(disk cache is a buffer in main memory for disk sectors, and contain a copy of some of the secotrs on the disk)
Rom, Ram and FLASH:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/38339306

File system

Properties:

• long-term existence
• sharable between process
• structure(can be organized into hierarchical or more complex structure)

Files: created by processes,use model distk instead of RAM, persistent
(not affected by processes creation and termnation), managerd by OS
File system: The part of OS dealing with files

Disk layout P 33

sector 0 of the disk called MBR(Master boot record)
The end of MBR contains the partition table

FAT表：https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E8%A1%A8

Inodes

https://www.jianshu.com/p/09c476d60dbb

Log-Structured FIle System

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/41358013
JFS（日志文件系统）：https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com.cn/whatis/11-25189/

Page cache 和 Buffer cache:https://blog.csdn.net/zzhongcy/article/details/89399399

Firmwarm: a generic term for embeed software（BIOS，UEFI）
driver 和 firmwarm的区别；https://www.zhihu.com/question/22175660

network

UDP协议：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/64154915
TCP协议：https://hit-alibaba.github.io/interview/basic/network/TCP.html
ARP协议：protocol to discover link layer address