RabbitMQ认知篇 - 优先级队列

原创已于 2022-06-12 10:32:56 修改 · 1.8k 阅读

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于 2022-06-11 14:45:02 首次发布

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本文介绍了RabbitMQ 3.5.0版本开始支持的优先级队列特性，通过代码示例展示了如何设置生产和消费消息的优先级。在消费者消费速度低于生产者速度时，优先级高的消息会被优先消费。同时，文章指出`channel.basicQos(1)`的预取限制对保持优先级有效性的关键作用。

优先级队列

RabbitMQ在3.5.0版本的时候提供了优先级队列的实现。客户端通过配置队列的x-max-priority参数的方式设置一个队列支持的最大优先级（但是不能使用策略的方式配置）以此来声明一个优先级队列。优先级最大值为255、最小值为0（默认值），推荐1～10。生产者可以通过设置Basic.Properties的priority属性设置消息的优先级（值越大，优先级越高）。优先级越高，越先被消费者消费，但是带来的内存、磁盘、CPU开销越高。

如果消费者的消费速度远低于生产者生产消息的速度、Broker有消息积压的情况下，对消息设置的优先级才有意义。

public class TestProducer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setUsername("admin");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("admin");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            AMQP.BasicProperties basicProperties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder().priority(i).build();
            channel.basicPublish("test-direct-exchange", "test-routing-key", basicProperties, ("hello " + i).getBytes());
        }
    }
}

public class TestConsumer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setUsername("admin");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("admin");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare("test-direct-exchange", BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT, true);
        Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
        properties.put("x-max-priority", 10);
        channel.queueDeclare("test-queue", true, false, false, properties);
        channel.queueBind("test-queue", "test-direct-exchange", "test-routing-key");
        channel.basicQos(1);
        channel.basicConsume("test-queue", false, "test-consumer-tag", new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("接收消息 >>> " + new String(body));
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), true);
            }
        });
    }
}