HDU - 6832 F - A Very Easy Graph Problem dfs + 并查集

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树

并查集

本文介绍了一种解决无向连通图中特定节点值问题的算法，通过并查集压缩边，将图转化为树，并使用DFS遍历统计节点值为0和1的节点距离，最终计算出所有符合条件的节点对之间的最短距离之和。

An undirected connected graph has nn nodes and mm edges, The ii-th edge’s length is 2i2i. Each node ii has a value aiai, which is either 00 or 11. You need to calculate:

∑i=1n∑j=1nd(i,j)×[ai=1∧aj=0]∑i=1n∑j=1nd(i,j)×[ai=1∧aj=0]

d(i,j)d(i,j) indicates the shortest distance between ii and jj. [ ][ ] is the Iverson bracket. ∧∧ indicates ANDAND.

Because the answer may be too large, please output the answer modulo 109+7109+7.

Input

The first line contains one integer TT(1≤T≤81≤T≤8)，indicating the number of test cases.

The second line contains two ingeters n,mn,m(1≤n≤105,1≤m≤2×1051≤n≤105,1≤m≤2×105).

The third line contains nn positive integers a1,a2,...,an(ai=0a1,a2,...,an(ai=0 or 11) —— the value of the nodes.

The following mm lines contain two ingeters u,v(1≤u,v≤n)u,v(1≤u,v≤n), and the ii-th line represents the i-th undirected edge’s length is 2i2i, between node uu and vv.

The sum of n,mn,m is no more than 2×1052×105.

Output

Print a single integer—— the value of the answer modulo 109+7109+7.

Sample Input

Sample Output

Sponsor

因为2^i > 2^i - 1 + 2^i - 2 + .......2;

容易想到并查集缩边

把图变成一个无向无环图（树）

在进行一次dfs对0， 1数进行统计就可得到结果

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define ll long long
const int maxn = 4e5 + 10;
const ll md = 1e9 + 7;
using namespace std;

int val[maxn];
int fa[maxn];
int pre[maxn];
int s0[maxn];
int s1[maxn];
int ss0, ss1;
ll ans = 0;
vector<int> G[maxn];

int find(int x){
    if(x == fa[x])
        return x;
    return fa[x] = find(fa[x]);
}

void init(int x){
    for(int i = 1; i <= x; i++){
        fa[i] = i;
        G[i].clear();
        s0[i] = s1[i] = 0;
        pre[i] = i;
    }
    ss0 = 0; ss1 = 0;
    ans = 0;
}
struct node{
    int a, b;
    ll w;
}e[maxn];

void dfs(int x, int f){
    pre[x] = f;
    for(auto i : G[x]){
        if(i != f){
            dfs(i, x);
            s1[x] += s1[i];
            s0[x] += s0[i];
        }
    }
}

void solve(){
    int n, m;
    cin >> n >> m;
    init(n);
    ll cnt = 1;
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        cin >> val[i];
        if(val[i])
            s1[i]++, ss1++;
        else
            s0[i]++, ss0++;
    }
    for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++){
        cin >> e[i].a >> e[i].b;
        cnt = 2 * cnt % md;
        e[i].w = cnt;
    }
    int cntt = 0;
    for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++){
        int finda = find(e[i].a);
        int findb = find(e[i].b);
        if(finda != findb){
            fa[finda] = findb;
            ++cntt;
            e[cntt].a = e[i].a;
            e[cntt].b = e[i].b;
            e[cntt].w = e[i].w;
            G[e[cntt].a].push_back(e[cntt].b);
            G[e[cntt].b].push_back(e[cntt].a);
        }
    }
    //cout << cntt << endl;
    dfs(1, 0);
    for(int i = 1; i <= cntt; i++){
        int ta = e[i].a;
        int tb = e[i].b;
        ll quan = e[i].w;
        if(pre[ta]==tb)
            swap(ta, tb);
        ans += ((ss1 - s1[tb]) * (s0[tb]) % md * quan)%md;
        ans %= md;
        ans += ((ss0 - s0[tb]) * (s1[tb]) % md * quan)%md;
        ans %= md;
    }
    cout << ans % md << endl;
}

int main(){
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while(t--){
        solve();
    }
}