软考133-上午题-【软件工程】-软件项目估算

本文介绍了COCOMO模型(包括基本、中级和详细版本)以及其升级版COCOMOII,强调了层次结构和不同阶段的规模估算方法。通过实例展示了模型在软件成本估算中的应用。

一、COCOMO 估算模型

COCOMO 模型是一种精确的、易于使用的成本估算模型。

COCOMO 模型按其详细程度分为:基本 COCOMO 模型、中级 COCOMO 模型、详细 COCOMO 模型。

1)基本 COCOMO 模型

基本 COCOMO 模型是一个静态单变量模型,用于对整个软件系统进行估算。

 

2)中级COCOMO 模型

中级 COCOMO 模型是一个静态多变量模型,它将软件系统模型分为系统部件两个层次,系统由部件构成,它把软件开发所需的人力(成本)看作是程序大小和一系列“成本驱动属性”的函数。

中级 COCOMO 模型以基本 COCOMO 模型为基础,并考虑了 15 种影响软件工作量的因素,通过工作量调节因子 (EAF) 修正对工作量的估算,从而使估算更合理。

 

3) 详细 COCOMO 模型

它将软件系统模型分为系统、子系统模块3 个层次,除包括中级模型所考虑的因素外,还考虑了在需求分析、软件设计等每一步的成本驱动属性的影响。

二、COCOMOII模型

最初的 COCOMO 模型是得到产业界最广泛应用和讨论的软件成本估算模型之一,现在它已经演化成更全面的估算模型,称为 COCOMOII。

和其前身一样,COCOMOII 也是一种层次结构的估算模型,被分为 3 个阶

COCOMO评估工具 What is COCOMO? COCOMO (COnstructive COst MOdel) is a screen-oriented, interactive software package that assists in budgetary planning and schedule estimation of a software development project. Through the flexibility of COCOMO, a software project manager (or team leader) can develop a model (or multiple models) of projects in order to identify potential problems in resources, personnel, budgets, and schedules both before and while the potential software package is being developed. The COCOMO software package is based upon the software cost and schedule estimation model: COnstructive COst MOdel version II (COCOMOII). This is the newly revised version of the original COnstructive COst MOdel (COCOMO) first published by Dr. Barry Boehm in his book Software Engineering Economics, Prentice-Hall (1981), and Ada COCOMO (1989) predecessors. The current model is described in [Boehm et al. 1995] The primary objectives of the COCOMOII.1998 effort are: ◾ To develop a software cost and schedule estimation model tuned to the life cycle practices of the 1990's and 2000's. ◾ To develop software cost database and tool support capabilities for continuous model improvement. ◾ To provide a quantitative analytic framework, and set of tools and techniques for evaluating the effects of software technology improvements on software life cycle costs and schedules. The full COCOMOII model includes three stages. Stage 1 supports estimation of prototyping or applications composition efforts. Stage 2 supports estimation in the Early Design stage of a project, when less is known about the project’s cost drivers. Stage 3 supports estimation in the Post-Architecture stage of a project. This version of USC COCOMOII implements stage 3 formulas to estimate the effort, schedule, and cost required to develop a software product. It also provides the breakdown of effort and schedule into software life-cycle phases and activities from the original COCOMO manual. These are still reasonably valid for waterfall model software projects, but need to be interpreted for non-waterfall projects.
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值