blockingqueue的功能和使用

最新推荐文章于 2026-04-17 02:56:51 发布

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#线程 #消息队列 #blockingqu

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本文详细介绍了Java并发包中BlockingQueue的基本使用方法，包括插入(add、offer、put)和读取(poll、take)操作，以及一些辅助方法。通过生产者-消费者模式的示例代码展示了如何在多线程环境中有效利用BlockingQueue进行线程间的同步。

BlockingQueue也是java.util.concurrent下的主要用来控制线程同步的工具。
主要的方法是：put、take一对阻塞存取；add、poll一对非阻塞存取。
插入:
1)add(anObject):把anObject加到BlockingQueue里,即如果BlockingQueue可以容纳,则返回true,否则抛出异常,不好
2)offer(anObject):表示如果可能的话,将anObject加到BlockingQueue里,即如果BlockingQueue可以容纳,则返回true,否则返回false.
3)put(anObject):把anObject加到BlockingQueue里,如果BlockQueue没有空间,则调用此方法的线程被阻断直到BlockingQueue里面有空间再继续, 有阻塞, 放不进去就等待
读取：
4)poll(time):取走BlockingQueue里排在首位的对象,若不能立即取出,则可以等time参数规定的时间,取不到时返回null; 取不到返回null
5)take():取走BlockingQueue里排在首位的对象,若BlockingQueue为空,阻断进入等待状态直到Blocking有新的对象被加入为止; 阻塞, 取不到就一直等
其他
int remainingCapacity();返回队列剩余的容量，在队列插入和获取的时候，不要瞎搞，数据可能不准, 不能保证数据的准确性
boolean remove(Object o); 从队列移除元素，如果存在，即移除一个或者更多，队列改变了返回true
public boolean contains(Object o); 查看队列是否存在这个元素，存在返回true
int drainTo(Collection

package cn.itcast_02_blockingqueue.producer;

import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;

public class Producer implements Runnable {  
    BlockingQueue<String> queue;    
    public Producer(BlockingQueue<String> queue) {  
        this.queue = queue;  
    }    
    @Override  
    public void run() {  
        try {  

            System.out.println("I have made a product:"  
                    + Thread.currentThread().getName()); 
            String temp = "A Product, 生产线程："  
                    + Thread.currentThread().getName();  
            queue.put(temp);//如果队列是满的话，会阻塞当前线程  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }    
}

消费者代码实现：

package cn.itcast_02_blockingqueue.consumer;

import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;

public class Consumer implements Runnable{  
    BlockingQueue<String> queue; 
    public Consumer(BlockingQueue<String> queue){  
        this.queue = queue;  
    }        
    @Override  
    public void run() {  
        try {  
            String consumer = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            System.out.println(consumer);  
            String temp = queue.take();//如果队列为空，会阻塞当前线程  
            System.out.println(consumer+"get a product:"+temp);  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
}

测试类：

package cn.itcast_02_blockingqueue.main;

import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;

import cn.itcast_02_blockingqueue.consumer.Consumer;
import cn.itcast_02_blockingqueue.producer.Producer;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        BlockingQueue<String> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<String>(2);
        // BlockingQueue<String> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<String>();
        // 不设置的话，LinkedBlockingQueue默认大小为Integer.MAX_VALUE
        // BlockingQueue<String> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<String>(2);
        Consumer consumer = new Consumer(queue);
        Producer producer = new Producer(queue);
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            new Thread(producer, "Producer" + (i + 1)).start();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            new Thread(consumer, "Consumer" + (i + 1)).start();
        }

        new Thread(producer, "Producer" + (5)).start();
    }
}

blockingqueue生产者代码实现：

package cn.itcast_02_blockingqueue.main;

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;

public class TestBlockingQueueProducer implements Runnable {
    BlockingQueue<String> queue;
    Random random = new Random();

    public TestBlockingQueueProducer(BlockingQueue<String> queue) {
        this.queue = queue;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(10));
                String task = Thread.currentThread().getName() + " made a product " + i;

                System.out.println(task);
                queue.put(task);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }

    }

}

blockingqueue消费者代码实现：

package cn.itcast_02_blockingqueue.main;

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;

public class TestBlockingQueueConsumer implements Runnable{  
    BlockingQueue<String> queue; 
    Random random = new Random();

    public TestBlockingQueueConsumer(BlockingQueue<String> queue){  
        this.queue = queue;  
    }        
    @Override  
    public void run() {  
        try {  
            Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(10));
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "trying...");
            String temp = queue.take();//如果队列为空，会阻塞当前线程  
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " get a job " +temp);  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
}

blockingqueue测试类：

package cn.itcast_02_blockingqueue.main;

import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;

public class TestBlockingQueue {

    public static void main(String[] args) {


        BlockingQueue<String> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<String>(2);
        // BlockingQueue<String> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<String>();
        // 不设置的话，LinkedBlockingQueue默认大小为Integer.MAX_VALUE
        // BlockingQueue<String> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<String>(2);
        TestBlockingQueueConsumer consumer = new TestBlockingQueueConsumer(queue);
        TestBlockingQueueProducer producer = new TestBlockingQueueProducer(queue);
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            new Thread(producer, "Producer" + (i + 1)).start();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            new Thread(consumer, "Consumer" + (i + 1)).start();
        }

        new Thread(producer, "Producer" + (5)).start();




    }


}