virtualbox+vagrant创建CentOS-7虚拟机

原创已于 2026-04-09 03:28:53 修改 · 396 阅读

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#vagrant #ruby #运维

于 2026-04-09 03:28:29 首次发布

参考资料：

参考视频： https://ke.gupaoedu.cn/play/288/5/37603?phaseId=6

准备材料：

1. 下载安装vagrant

01 访问Vagrant官网
https://www.vagrantup.com/

02 点击Download
Windows，MacOS，Linux等

03 选择对应的版本

04 傻瓜式安装

05 命令行输入vagrant，测试是否安装成功

2. 下载安装virtual box

01 访问VirtualBox官网
https://www.virtualbox.org/

02 选择左侧的“Downloads”

03 选择对应的操作系统版本

04 傻瓜式安装

05 [win10中若出现]安装virtualbox快完成时立即回滚，并提示安装出现严重错误
(1)打开服务
(2)找到Device Install Service和Device Setup Manager，然后启动
(3)再次尝试安装

3. 准备镜像

然后最好准备CentOS-7的镜像，virtualbox会自动从网上下载，但是速度很慢，所以建议提前准备。

首先需要登录网站： https://vagrantcloud.com/search，搜索CentOS7进行下载

安装虚拟镜像：

01 创建文件夹，并进入其中[目录全路径不要有中文字符]

02 在此目录下打开cmd，运行vagrant init my-centos/7

my-centos/7为镜像名可自定义，此时会在当前目录下生成Vagrantfile，同时指定使用的镜像为centos/7

然后用notepad++打开，修改相应的关键配置

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "my-centos/7"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
    config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
        vb.memory = "3000"
        vb.name= "jack-centos7"
        vb.cpus= 2
    end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end

解释：主要是修改下面的配置

1. 确认镜像名称

2. 设置网络模式（和主机共享网络）

3. 设置虚拟机的相关信息

3.1 provider 指定虚拟化工具

Vagrant 可以用 VMware 、virtualbox来创建虚拟机

3.2 内存、CPU、虚拟机名等

03 配置好文件后，将镜像名称和下载的镜像映射关联起来

执行以下命令将配置文件中的镜像名和具体位置关联在一起

vagrant box add my-centos/7 D:\software\virtualbox.box

这个时候，打开Oracle VM VirtualBox，可以看到虚拟机

04 然后执行命令安装启动虚拟机

一些vagrant常用的命令

vagrant box list   查看本地的box
vagrant up         启动Vagrantfile文件对应的虚拟机
vagrant halt       关闭虚拟机
vagrant ssh        进入创建的虚拟机中
vagrant status     查看虚拟机的状态
vagrant destroy    删除虚拟机

查看vagrant所有的box