postman tests实例记录

最新推荐文章于 2026-04-27 14:17:05 发布

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本文介绍使用Postman进行API测试的实用技巧，涵盖环境变量与全局变量管理、响应验证、内容类型检查及响应时间评估等关键操作。

这段时间准备测试api接口，postman这个工具很是方便，特别是里面的tests的javascript脚本。

记录一下测试接口常用的tests验证的实例。

1.设置环境变量

postman.setEnvironmentVariable("key", "value");

2.将嵌套独享设置为环境变量

var array = [1, 2, 3, 4];
postman.setEnvironmentVariable("array", JSON.stringify(array, null, 2));

var obj = { a: [1, 2, 3, 4], b: { c: 'val' } };
postman.setEnvironmentVariable("obj", JSON.stringify(obj));

3.获取环境变量

postman.getEnvironmentVariable("key");

获取一个环境变量（其值是一个字符串对象）

// These statements should be wrapped in a try-catch block if the data is coming from an unknown source.

var array = JSON.parse(postman.getEnvironmentVariable("array"));
var obj = JSON.parse(postman.getEnvironmentVariable("obj"));

4.清除一个环境变量

postman.clearEnvironmentVariable("key");

5.设置一个全局变量

postman.setGlobalVariable("key", "value");

6.获取全局变量

postman.getGlobalVariable("key");

7.清除全局变量

postman.clearGlobalVariable("key");

8.检查response是否包含一个字符串

tests["Body matches string"] = responseBody.has("string_you_want_to_search");

9.将xml体转换为JSON对象

var jsonObject = xml2Json(responseBody);

10.检查response是否等于一个字符串

tests["Body is correct"] = responseBody === "response_body_string";

11.检查JSON值

var data = JSON.parse(responseBody);
tests["Your test name"] = data.value === 100;

12.内容类型存在（不区分大小写的检查）

tests["Content-Type is present"] = postman.getResponseHeader("Content-Type"); //Note: the getResponseHeader() method returns the header value, if it exists.

13.内容类型存在（区分大小写）

tests["Content-Type is present"] = responseHeaders.hasOwnProperty("Content-Type");

14.响应时间小于200ms

tests["Response time is less than 200ms"] = responseTime < 200;

15.响应时间在一个特定的范围内（包括下限和上限）

tests["Response time is acceptable"] = _.inRange(responseTime, 100, 1001); // _ is the inbuilt Lodash v3.10.1 object, documented at https://lodash.com/docs/3.10.1

16.状态码是200

tests["Status code is 200"] = responseCode.code === 200;

17.代码包含一个字符串

tests["Status code name has string"] = responseCode.name.has("Created");

18.成功的POST请求状态码

tests["Successful POST request"] = responseCode.code === 201 || responseCode.code === 202;

19.将TinyValidator用于JSON数据

var schema = {
 "items": {
 "type": "boolean"
 }
};
var data1 = [true, false];
var data2 = [true, 123];

tests["Valid Data1"] = tv4.validate(data1, schema);
tests["Valid Data2"] = tv4.validate(data2, schema);
console.log("Validation failed: ", tv4.error);

20.解码base64编码数据

var intermediate,
	base64Content, // assume this has a base64 encoded value
	rawContent = base64Content.slice('data:application/octet-stream;base64,'.length);

intermediate = CryptoJS.enc.Base64.parse(base64content); // CryptoJS is an inbuilt object, documented here: https://www.npmjs.com/package/crypto-js
tests["Contents are valid"] = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.stringify(intermediate); // a check for non-emptiness

官方文档英文版传送门：
https://www.getpostman.com/docs/postman/scripts/test_examples